2 ROCKS You need to know: What are Igneous Rock & examples What are Sedimentary Rock & examples What are Metamorphic Rock & examples

Rock Type Example Location Formation Uses IGNEOUS COOLED MAGMA BASALT GRANITE GIANTS CAUSEWAY DUBLIN MOUNTAINS LIQUID MAGMA REACHES SURFACE, COOLS & HARDENS INTO A ROCK BUILDINGS, ROADS FOOTPATHS SEDIMENTARY LAYERS OF MATERIAL BUILD UP AND FORM A ROCK LIMESTONE SANDSTONE THE BURREN, CO. CLARE DEAD ANIMAL BONES FALL TO THE SEABED. THEY ARE PRESSED TOGETHER TO FORM LIMESTONE LARGE PUBLIC BUIDINGS LIKE COURTHOUSES METAMORPHIC HEAT OR PRESSURE CHANGES ONE ROCK INTO ANOTHER. MARBLE CONNEMARA LIMESTONE IS CHANGED INTO LIMESTONE INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS LIKE FLOORS, STAIRS.

HUMANS AND ROCKS We use rocks for building houses, footpaths, roads etc We can get rocks from Quarries. These are large holes dug out from the ground & are cheaper than mining. The dust from quarries can cause pollution. Trucks comings and going can create a nuisance for people living nearby

KEY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock Granite / Basalt & location Limestone & location Quarry

This means how rocks are worn down by the weather. 3 WEATHERING OF ROCKS This means how rocks are worn down by the weather. You need to know: What is Mechanical Weathering What is Chemical Weathering What is a Karst Landscape Features of a Karst Landscape.

MECHANICAL WEATHERING Where the weather breaks down the rocks. One way is called Freeze Thaw Action FREEZE THAW ACTION 1 Water enters cracks in a rock 2 At night water freezes and expands 3 Ice melts. The freezing and melting weakens the rock and it breaks apart.

CHEMICAL WEATHERING CHEMICAL WEATHERING: RAINWATER CONTAINS AN ACID CALLED CARBONIC ACID WHICH CAN DISSOLVE ROCKS LIKE LIMESTONE. KARST: A KARST REGION IS MADE UP OF EXPOSED LIMESTONE THE BURREN IN CO. CLARE

Karst is made of limestone. Limestone is easily eroded by rain water. Two types of features: OVERGROUND FEATURES (1) Clints and Grikes: A Grike is the trenches eroded by the rain. A Clint is the block between the Grikes

(2) Swallow Hole: The Burren is full of Caves (2) Swallow Hole: The Burren is full of Caves. Rivers sometimes disappear down a hole called a Swallow Hole into caves. UNDERGROUND FEATURES (1) Stalagtites: Water dripping from the roof of a cave leaves a layer of calcite. This calcite builds up over time to form a Stalagtite. (2) Stalagmite: When water drops hit the floor of a cave they also leave a layer of calcite. Over time they build up to form a Salagmite (3) Pillar: Where a stalagmite and stalagtite meet they form a Pillar.

KEY TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW Mechanical Weathering Freeze Thaw Action Chemical Weathering The Burren as a Karst Region Overground Features: Clint’s, Grikes Swallow Holes Underground Features: Stalagtites, Stalagmites, Pillars