Segregation & Discrimination Mr. Hammill Phillip O Berry High School

Social equality vs. legal equality SOCIAL REALITY Which way will the scale tip? Social equality vs. legal equality

What does this quote mean? “We can be as separate as the fingers, yet as one as the hand in all things for mutual progress”

Types of Segregation De Jure Segregation; This is segregation by law or by the court De Facto Segregation: This is segregation by custom or tradition, you see this today

Booker T. Washington Son of a slave & white father Self taught Hampton Institute – Virginia (1868) Built Tuskegee Institute – Alabama 1881 Vocational education or Economic Security Wrote about his views in the “Atlanta Compromise” - Avoided protests - Blacks should accept segregation for the time and work on getting jobs and learning trades Supported by Business leaders & presidents

Booker T. Washington & Tuskegee Institute

W.E.B. Du Bois Born in Massachusetts Studied in German universities Classical education 1st African-Am. to earn Ph.D. @ Harvard Most famous book- The Souls of Black Folks Led the Niagara Movement - equality - black pride - protests Helped form the NAACP (1909)

W.E.B. Du Bois

Ida B. Wells Born into slavery Moved to Memphis 1880s Teacher Editor of newspaper Crusade for justice against lynching Sought tougher legislation against lynching's

Voting Restriction Poll Tax had to pay in order to vote Blacks & poor white sharecroppers could not afford it Grandfather clause whites could vote if grandfather voted prior to Jan. 1st, 1867 before the 15th Amendment Lynchings Were used to prevent African Americans from voting

Jim Crow Laws Racial segregation laws passed by Southern states Schools Hospitals Parks Transportation systems Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) U.S. Supreme Court  “separate but equal”

social reality SOCIAL REALITY Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation. “Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities

US would be segregated until the 1960’s. SOCIAL REALITY Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 US would be segregated until the 1960’s.

Debt Peonage System that bound laborers into slavery Mexicans and African-Americans 1911 – Supreme Court declares violation against 13th Amendment

Discrimination in the North Segregated neighborhoods Labor unions denied black membership Last hired first fired