UNIT 3: The U.S.’s childhood and adolescent years. 1789 – U.S. Constitution goes into effect: U.S. is born.

WHAT’S NEXT? What lingering questions/issues will the new nation need to consider now?

What’s Next for the New Nation? 1 Economy - What role should the government have in the economy? 2 Slavery or no slavery? Who is an American citizen? 3 4 Does the Constitution create a working and effective government?

The first job of the President and Congress was to put a working government in place. Congress passed laws to set up four departments for the executive branch: Treasury 2) State 3) War 4) Justice

The heads (people in charge) of these departments made up the President’s Cabinet. In 1789, George Washington appointed (chose): Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury Henry Knox – Secretary of War Edmund Randolph – Attorney General

Hamilton’s Plan: Pay off debt Create a national bank Institute (put into effect) a protective tariff

Does the Constitution give the national government the power to establish a bank? According to Article I, Section 8, Congress has the power to: Clause 1: To lay and collect taxes to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. Clause 2: To borrow money on the credit of the United States. Clause 3: To control trade with other nations and among the states Clause 5: To coin money *Clause 18: to make all laws that are “necessary and proper” this clause becomes known as the elastic clause

Thomas Jefferson (Secretary of State) did not like Alexander Hamilton’s economic plan.

A Difference in Opinion Thomas Jefferson vs. Alexander Hamilton “Laissez-faire” (let-alone) Minimal government intervention Emphasis on agriculture Economic views Maximum Government Involvement Emphasis on manufacturing and trade Differences btwn these two men led to the first political parties!

Political parties played a key role in all subsequent presidential elections and revealed that the nation was more divided than united.

JOHN ADAMS THOMAS JEFFERSON Born outside of the U.S., Hamilton could not run for the office of the President. Jefferson, born in Virginia, could. He lost, however, to Washington’s Vice President, John Adams. 2ND President of the U.S. 2nd Vice President of the U.S. JOHN ADAMS THOMAS JEFFERSON

Four years later… In 1800, Thomas Jefferson becomes the 3rd U.S. President.

This is what the United States looked like when Thomas Jefferson became President. Take a look at the land immediately west of the Mississippi River. This large piece of land was owned or controlled by the French (Colony of Louisiana).

Why would the U.S. want to have this land? When I say Louisiana Purchase, you say Mississippi River!

Napoleon was considering building an empire in North America… But then… Toussaint L’Overture led a slave rebellion in the French colony of Haiti.

Where is Haiti? Not that far from present-day Florida.

Jefferson decided to try to buy the city of New Orleans from Napoleon Jefferson decided to try to buy the city of New Orleans from Napoleon. Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe – they came back not only having purchased New Orleans but the entire Louisiana territory. This becomes known as the Louisiana Purchase.

LAND MARKET REVOLUTION!! What effect did the Louisiana Purchase have on the U.S. economy? Natural resources More space for growing crops People can live there and in time become a new state. More jobs = more wealth LAND Louisiana Purchase = = MARKET REVOLUTION!!

Unit 3: Freedom During the Market Revolution (1815-1840) This is a market = the buying/selling/trading of goods and services between people 1815 Clothing Bread 80 miles to next village Milk

Unit 3: Freedom During the Market Revolution (1815-1840) Revolution = a radical (very big) and pervasive (happening a lot) change.

Pictures Can Tell A Story Assignment Aim: To identify the economic changes that occurred during the “market revolution” and evaluate their impact on freedom in America. Pictures Can Tell A Story Assignment