History of the Cell History of the Cell Anton von Leeuwenhoek (in Holland) Mid 1600’s Used single lens microscope to look at water, and noticed tiny “animalcules” in it! Robert Hooke (in England) Looked at cork (from the bark of an oak tree) under a compound microscope. Magnified cork looked like tons of tiny chambers. Called them cells.

History of the Cell Matthias Schleiden 1838 – concluded all plants were made of cells Theodor Schwann 1839 – stated all animals were made of cells Rudolf Virchow 1855 – new cells can only be produced from existing cells

Cell Theory Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells.

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Bound by a plasma/cell membrane Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Genetic material not in a nucleus All Cells Genetic material contained in a nucleus. Bound by a plasma/cell membrane Generally larger and more complex Generally smaller & simpler Have DNA Contain dozens of specialized structures Have ribosomes Ex/ bacteria Ex/ plant and animal

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Organelle Structure Function Cell/Plasma Membrane Regulates what goes in and out of the cell Brain of cell Nuclear envelope Nucleoplasm Controls all activities Nucleolus RNA Chromosomes Strings of DNA inside the nucleus

Cell Organelle Structure Function Cytoplasm Holds all the organelles and allows for movement Peanut – shaped Folded layers on the inside Powerhouse of cell; make energy (respiration) Vacuoles Saclike structures Bubble of digestive enzymes Dispose of waste and other worn-out organelles

Cell Organelle Structure Function Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of tubes Can be rough or smooth Tiny round structures Found on ER and in cytoplasm Produce proteins Golgi apparatus Modify and package cellular materials Microtubules and microfilaments Support the cell

Cell Organelle Structure Function Centrioles Flagella/cilia Only in animal cells Tail or hair-like projections Movement of the cell Plastids (chloroplasts) Hold pigment and carry out photosynthesis Only in plants Made of cellulose Rigidity (wood)

Cell Analogy Poster A major part of this unit is learning the parts of the cell and their functions. In this project you will demonstrate understanding of the cell by making an analogy of the cell, taking each organelle and function into consideration. Instructions: You will work in groups of 3. You will display your project as a poster. Your poster must have drawings for your scenario which show your analogy, and a written explanation for each organelle. You MUST include 10 organelles.

Cell Analogy Poster Grading: 30 points 10 points for your IDEA. It will be judged on creativeness, originality thoughtfulness. 10 points for your poster. Poster must include correct analogies for structure/function of cell organelles. 10 points for presentation.

October 14th Warm-up Quick review of cell structures. 20 minutes to finish cell analogy posters. We will begin poster presentations afterwards! Objectives  Finish cell analogy poster presentations. Observe cell specimens under the microscope. Homework  Honors : Cell History, Structure and Function Test Friday.

Cell Theory Lab You will be observing: Cork Cells  Just like Robert Hooke! Animal Cells Cheek Cells Plant Cells Onion Elodea Potato Tomato Beet

How to Make a Wet Mount Slide

The Toweling method Drop of stain (iodine) Paper towel square

Cell Theory Lab You will be observing: Cork Cells  Just like Robert Hooke! Animal Cells Cheek Cells Plant Cells Onion Elodea Potato Tomato Beet

Continue Cell Theory Lab

Cork cells Are the cells similar in shape? Are they similar in size? Do the cells appear to have contents? Explain? Are their open spaces between the cells?

Epithelial cells What is the outer most layer called? Compare it with the cell wall in plants. Does the cell have a definite shape? If so, what is its shape? Is a central vacuole present? Can you see the cytoplasm?

Epithelial cells Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm

Onion Cell

Elodea (Anacharis)

Potato Cell

Tomato

Beet

Organization of Life

Tissues of Life online activity. Organization of Life Tissues of Life online activity.