Chapter 7 World War I Section 1 Warm Up Think of a time when you had a conflict. -How would having a friends support have changed things? Chapter 7 World War I Section 1

Take Away What are the long term causes of WWI Take Away What are the long term causes of WWI? What are the short term causes (spark) of WWI? How was the United States brought into war?

WWI MANIA

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures Long Term Causes Militarism “arms race” Strong build up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations Ex: Great Britain & Germany wanted largest Navy Ex: Russia, France, & Germany competed for the largest Army 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Long Term Causes Alliances Central Powers Allied Powers Austria-Hungary Germany Ottoman Empire Defensive agreements to come to one another’s aid if attacked. Allied Powers Great Britain Russia French

Victor Emmanuel II [It] The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha [Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

Nationalism Long term Causes A feeling of pride in and loyalty to one’s nation. “The Powder Keg” “The Balkans” – controlled by Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire since 1800’s As Nationalism spread – people in the region fought wars to gain independence. 1914 – all but Slavs in Bosnia were free Russia and Serbia also Slavic countries. Russia wanted to help Serbia against Austria-Hungary

Imperialism Long term Causes Stronger countries controlling weaker ones. Raw materials New markets Competition over those colonies Colonies did not always want to be colonies.

Stop & think Predict – what problems might arise from M.A.N.I.?

Short Term Cause ASSASSINATION The “Spark” Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, heirs to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, are killed when Gavrilo Princip a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand shoots them. The “Spark” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmHxq28440c

Homework - In Your Notebook Draw a diagram that represents the 4 long term and 1 short term cause of World War I.

Austria Hungary blames Serbia Who’s To Blame? Austria Hungary blames Serbia

On your map – fill out what happened

On your map – sketch out what happened 5. Germany marches through neutral Belgium on the way to France 4. Austria-Hungary’s ally Germany declares war on Russia & France 3. Russia moves to protect Serbia and mobilizes forces for war 6. Belgium’s ally Great Britain declares war on Germany 2. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia 1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian.

Why is this conflict called a world war Why is this conflict called a world war? Why might it be difficult to avoid (stay neutral) this kind of war?

Steps to War From Neutrality to War

The United States Remains Neutral U.S. would not favor one side or the other (sort of) Determined to stay out of European affairs Difficult to do – traditions and loyalty to ancestors

Blockades Great Britain blocked merchant ships from entering German ports. Germany then blockades Great Britain and use U-boats to attack any ships – including neutral ones. US ships could not carry goods to Germany or other Central Powers.

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats Blockades (cont.) Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Lusitania German U-boats torpedoed the British passenger ship killing 128 Americans Wilson warns Germany they will be held responsible. Germany does not want US to enter War and promises to stop attacking non-military ships – Sussex pledge. 1,959 passengers 1,198 dead – 128 of them American 768 survived, 4 later died 71 Americans survived *approximate #’s – differs on source

Zimmerman Note German foreign minister (Arthur Zimmerman) asked the German ambassador to Mexico to make them an offer If the US joins the war in Europe – would Mexico declare war on the US. In return, Mexico would get back land previously lost to the US.

Russian Revolution A Russian rebellion overthrew Czar Nicholas from power and called for democratic reforms. The US was more likely to support the Allies now Wilson did not believe in czarist rule of Russia

Sussex Pledge Ignored German decides to begin unrestricted submarine warfare – breaking the Sussex Pledge Believe they can conquer Britain before the US can get involved - mobilize American merchant ships are torpedoed

The US Declare War Wilson has had enough – asks Congress to declare war on Germany

Wrap Up Of the 5 events that brought the US into war, which do you think was the most important? Why?