World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia

World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia Learning Objectives Explain the causes of the February (March) Revolution. Describe the goals of Lenin and the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution. Summarize the outcome of the civil war in Russia. Analyze how Lenin built a Communist state in the Soviet Union.

World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Lesson 4 Revolution in Russia Key Terms proletariat soviets V. I. Lenin Cheka commissars

Causes of the February Revolution The year 1913 marked the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. Everywhere, Russians honored the tsar and his family. Tsarina Alexandra felt confident that the people loved Nicholas too much to ever threaten him. “They are constantly frightening the emperor with threats of revolution,” she told a friend, “and here,—you see it yourself—we need merely to show ourselves and at once their hearts are ours.”

Causes of the February Revolution Roots of Discontent World War I Intensifies Discontent Tsar Nicholas II Steps Down

Causes of the February Revolution This photo shows the Russian royal family—Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Tsarina Alexandra, and their children—in 1914. Four years later, they would all be murdered as a result of revolution and civil war.

Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks Outside the provisional government, revolutionary socialists plotted their own course. In Petrograd and other cities, they set up soviets, or councils of workers and soldiers. At first, the soviets worked democratically within the government Before long, though, the Bolsheviks, a radical socialist group, took charge. The leader of the Bolsheviks was a determined revolutionary, V. I. Lenin.

Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks The Making of a Revolutionary Family branded a threat Student Protestor Nadezhda Krupskaya married in Siberian prison Lenin Adapts Marxism “dictatorship of the proletariat” Bolsheviks

Lenin Leads the Bolsheviks Vladimir Ilyich Lenin took his revolutionary ideas directly to the people, addressing crowds in the streets.

The October Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power Lenin full steam ahead into the revolution Another dynamic Marxist revolutionary, Leon Trotsky, helped lead the fight Hungry, war-weary Russian people, Lenin and the Bolsheviks promised “Peace, Land, and Bread.”

The October Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power Causes of the October Revolution Alexander Kerensky, provisional government War effort continues…..disastrous Troops deserting, peasants want land, urban shortages November 1917 army “a huge crowd of tired, poorly clad, poorly fed, embittered men” Peasants seize land drive off landlords The Bolsheviks Seize Power Again conditions ripe for another revolution Red Guard takes over Kremlin Moscow Bolshevik’s capital Lenin, “We shall now occupy ourselves in Russia in building up a proletarian socialist state” The Bolsheviks become The Communists

The October Revolution Brings the Bolsheviks to Power Crowds gather in Dvortsovyi Square, Saint Petersburg, to support the Bolshevik cause on May 1, 1917.

Lenin’s slogan that united Russia

Civil War Erupts in Russia After Bolshevik Revolution Lenin quickly sought peace with Germany Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918 gave up huge chunk of its territory and its population cost of peace was extremely high Communist leaders knew that they needed all their energy to defeat a collection of enemies at home

Civil War Erupts in Russia The Opposing Forces “Reds” Communists “Whites” counterrevolutionary, tsarist imperial officers, Mensheviks, democrats united to defeat Communists Allies tried to help the Whites but only succeeded in further alienating the West Communists successfully appealed to nationalism, promises, terror tactics, brutal force Terror July 1918, Communists shot former tsar, tsarina and children Whites attempted to assassinate Lenin Forced Labor camps Cheka, secret police Used for control of general populace – executed ordinary citizens Terrorized Whites War Communisn Banks, mines, factories, and railroads Peasants deliver crops to Red army and urban dwellers Forced to work in factories or military Commissars Teach party loyalty

Civil War Erupts in Russia A crusading white knight slays the red dragon in this Russian civil war propaganda poster. Its title is “For a United Russia.” Draw Conclusions Which side in the Russian civil war made this poster? Why?

The Communist Soviet Union Emerges Russia was in chaos Millions of people had died since the beginning of World War I Millions more perished from famine and disease Lenin faced the enormous problem of rebuilding a shattered state and economy

The Communist Soviet Union Emerges New Government, Old Problems voting rights, power to the people – all in theory. Communist party reigned supreme Lenin Abandons War Communism Near economic collapse New Economic Policy (NEP) Small business, small plots for peasants Stalin Comes to Power

The Communist Soviet Union Emerges Analyze Maps Russia was by far the largest of the various republics that made up the Soviet Union. How do you think nationalism affected the Soviet Union?

The Communist Soviet Union Emerges The hammer and sickle, the emblem of the Soviet Union, represented the union between the urban industrial workers (the hammer) and the rural peasants (the sickle).