Matter and Change Chapter 3

Definitions Matter Volume Mass Anything that has ____ and takes up _____ Volume Space the object ______ What would you use to determine the volume of… Book? Air? Water? Mass ______ of matter contained in an object. What do we use in lab to determine mass?

Mass vs. Weight Are they the same?????? Big difference… Weight depends on the location in the ______. It will change, mass does not change no matter the location. Weight is defined as The force produced by ______ acting on mass

Solid Liquid Gas

Phase Changes Gas Liquid Solid

What makes up matter All matter is composed of about 118 different kinds of ________s. Atom Smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.

Pure Substance single element or compound that has definite chemical & physical properties Contains only ____ type of atom Can not be broken down by chemical means or physical means, only by __________ means Compound Made up of atoms of two or more elements joined by a _____bond Can be broken down by chemical means, cannot be broken down by physical means

Elements exist as: Single atoms Molecules Example: He in balloon (monatomic gas) Molecules ____ or more atoms combine in a definite ratio. Examples Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2 -all diatomic molecules S8

Allotrope One of a number of different molecular forms of an element. Examples O2 is oxygen O3 is ozone Carbon you know as _________ and __________

Compounds Are represented by formulas. Molecular formulas Tells only what makes up a compound Structural formulas Shows how the atoms are connected

Mixture vs. Pure Substance A pure substance has only ____ kind of element or ____________. Where as a mixture has more than one kind of ______ or compound.

Types of Mixtures Called a _________________!!! Homogeneous Mixtures Mixtures in which the composition is uniform throughout. (i.e. the phases cannot be distinguished.) Called a _________________!!! Heterogeneous Mixtures Mixtures in which the composition is not uniform throughout. (i.e. the phases can be distinguished.) Known as a _______________!!!

Mixtures vs. Compound Compound Mixture Chemically joined Has properties different from elements that make it up Has a ____________ composition Mixture ____ chemically joined Reflect the properties of the substances it contains Mixture’s components can vary in proportions

Separation of Matter Elements: Compounds: Can only be broken down by _________________ reactions. Compounds: Can only be broken down by __________________ reactions. Mixtures (hetero) and Solutions (homogeneous): Can be broken down by ______________________ means.

Physical Means of Separation Filtration: Separates mixtures by particle size. Used to separate solids from liquids http://blog.khymos.org/wp-content/2007/09/stock-filtration.png http://www.uwplatt.edu/chemep/chem/chemscape/LABDOCS/CATOFP/mixpour/filter/pic/01030405.jpg

Physical Means of Separation Distillation: Separates liquid mixtures by differences in boiling point. http://www.dit.ie/DIT/science/chemistry/rsccomp/competition00/distillation/labdistillation.JPG Txtbk p34

Can it be separated by physical means? Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be separated by physical means? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be decomposed by chemical means? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compounds Elements

Heterogeneous Mixture Another way to think about it Matter Flowchart MATTER Contains 2 or more types of matter Contains only one type of matter MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Contains 2 or more different kinds of atoms Contains only one kind of atom Has a uniform appearance Does not look the same throughout Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compounds Elements

Words to know and use Mixture Pure substance Element/Atom Compound/Molecule Homogeneous (solution) Heterogeneous (mixture) Allotrope Alloy Filtration Distillation

Properties of Matter (How we describe matter) Physical Can be determined without ______ the nature of the substance. Examples: Density, hardness, color Chemical Describes a substance’s ______ to participate in a chemical reaction. Ability to change Reactivity, Stability, Flammability Reactivity with oxygen, decomposes with light

Types of Physical Properties Extensive- depends on the _____ of matter Ex: volume, mass, size Intensive- _____ _____ depend on the amount Ex: density, boiling point, ability to conduct

Does the substance need to be changed to observe the property Properties Flowchart Properties yes no Does the substance need to be changed to observe the property Chemical Physical Does the property change when the amount changes? no yes extensive intensive

Changes of Matter Physical Change Identity (or chemical makeup) of a substance does not change, however the ________, ______ and ______ of particles may change. Examples: Crushing Ripping Bending Phase changes

Phase Changes Gas Liquid Solid

Phase Changes Gas Liquid Solid

Changes of Matter Chemical Change Identities of substances changes and ____ substances form. Examples: ______

5 Indicators of a Chemical Change: Evolution of a gas Odor change Production of heat/light Color change Formation of a precipitate

Reactions A reaction has Reactant (left side) Product (right side) What ________ in the reaction Product (right side) What is ______ Example of a chemical: Burning Dollar CH3OH + O2  CO2 + H2O Law of Conservation of Mass Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction Almost true