Marvelous Monday Oct. 20th Take your seat Take out paper for your Timed Writing Take out your Notebook Timed Writing Analyze the social and political forces that drove change in England from the English Reformation to the rise of English Constitutionalism under King William and Queen Mary.

Today’s Agenda Timed Writing Life at Versailles : Louis XIV and Absolute Power Homework – Socratic seminar Prep Mark and annotate documents Complete all levels of prep for each document Socratics smeinar tomorrow

Today’s Objectives Define and explain the concept of absolutism and how it is supported by the 17th century political theory of divine right. Explain how King Louis XIV used court life and the palace of Versailles to increase his power and influence over the nobility.

Versailles: Home of the "Sun King"

Essential Question Why are Louis XIV, and his Palace of Versailles, the ideal symbols of the age of absolutism

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Hall of Mirrors he principal feature of this famous hall is the seventeen mirror-clad arches that reflect the seventeen arcaded windows that overlook the gardens. Each arch contains twenty-one mirrors with a total complement of 357 used in the decoration of the galerie des glaces (Verlet, 1985a). The arches themselves are fixed between marble pilasters whose capitals depict the symbols of France

In the late 1600s a fontange was high fashion for ladies hair In the late 1600s a fontange was high fashion for ladies hair. This was a tall head-dress consisting of a wire frame (or 'commode') adorned with lace or linen frills. It was worn at a slight forwards angle and attached to a linen cap. In appearance it resembled a half-opened fan and it could reach a considerable height. http://www.costumes.org/history/racinet/2/17thfrench1.jpg

http://www.costumes.org/history/17thcent/womensfashplates/17thfrench1.JPG From Letter of the Duchess of Orleans 4th January, 1704, Versailles. To the DUCHESS OF HANOVER. I must really tell you how just the King is. The Duchesse de Bourgogne's ladies, who are called Ladies of the Palace, tried to arrogate the rank and take the place of my ladies everywhere. Such a thing was never done either in the time of the Queen or of the Dauphiness. They got the King's Guards to keep their places and push back the chairs belonging to my ladies. I complained first of all to the Duc de Noailles, who replied that it was the King's order. Then I went immediately to the King and said to him, "May I ask your Majesty if it is by your orders that my ladies have now no place or rank as they used to have? If it is your desire, I have nothing more to say, because I only wish to obey you, but your Majesty knows that formerly when the Queen and the Dauphiness were alive the Ladies of the Palace had no rank, and my Maids of Honour, Gentlemen of Honour, and Ladies of the Robe had their places like those of the Queen and the Dauphiness. I do not know why the Ladies of the Palace should pretend to anything else." The King became quite red, and replied, "I have given no such order, who said that I had?" "The Maréchal de Noailles," I replied. The King asked him why he had said such a thing, and he denied it entirely. "I am willing to believe, since you say so," l replied, "that my lackey misunderstood you, but as the King has given no such orders, see that your Guards don't keep places for those ladies and hinder my servants from carrying chairs for my service," as we say here. Although these ladies are high in favour, the King, nevertheless, sent the majordomo to find out how things should be done. I told him, and it will not happen again. These women are becoming far too insolent now that they are in favour, and they imagined that I would not have the courage to report the matter to the King. But I shall not lose my rank nor prerogatives on account of the favour they enjoy. The King is too just for that. From G. S. Stevenson, ed., The Letters of Madame, (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1924), pp. 232-233.

The King’s Bed The Queen’s Bed

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel Altarpiece

The Gallery of Battles

Versailles Statistics 2,000 acres of grounds 12 miles of roads 27 miles of trellises 200,000 trees 210,000 flowers planted every year 80 miles of rows of trees 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canal 12 miles of enclosing walls 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzles 21 miles of water conduits 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumed 26 acres of roof 51,210 square meters of floors 2,153 windows 700 rooms 67 staircases 6,000 paintings 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravings 2,100 sculptures 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'art 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable Garden

L’ etat c’est moi! By Hyacinthe Rigaud

Young Louis XIV

L’ouis XIV

L’ouis XIV

L’ ouis XIV as Apollo

L’ ouis XIV as Apollo by Jean Nocret, 1670

Louis XIV’s Carriage

The Sun Symbol

Louis XIV Gian Lorenzo Bernini, 1665