Paintable, or Structural Batteries using Organic Electrodes Transformational concept: Paintable, or Structural Batteries using Organic Electrodes Lutkenhaus, Texas A&M (2013 YIP Project) 23,24 Li+ PF6- Cathode Polyethylene oxide Electrolyte Graphite/FGS Anode Functionalized graphene sheet (stores charge non-Faradaically ) Polyaniline (stores charge Faradaically) Aramid nanofiber (mechanical properties) Please explain in detail what I should say, especially for the future research The goal of this project is to design electrodes that simultaneously store energy and provide mechanical structure (or reinforcement). These electrodes contain functionalized graphene sheet, polyaniline, and aramid (or Kevlar) nanofibers. The can be fabricated via spraying, vacuum filtration, or nanoscale assembly (Layer-by-layer assembly). The electrodes are fabricated in such a way that they functionalized graphene sheets overlap and interlock with each other to form a “brick wall”. The fabricated electrode acts as the cathode, and the electrolyte and anode are standard lithium-ion battery components (graphite anode, lithium hexafluorophosphate in non-aqueous electrolyte). The key questions for this project are “what factors give superior energy storage?” and “how do we optimize energy storage and mechanical properties, which often trade off with each other?” The future research plans include varying graphene/polyaniline/aramid nanofiber composition to fundamentally understand how energy storage and mechanical properties trade off with one another. To date, one publication has resulted, which details the energy storage properties of polyaniline-based layer-by-layer assemblies. This work demonstrates that polyaniline processed in this fashion, maintains its energy storage properties and conductivity. What factors give superior energy storage? How to optimize energy storage and mechanical properties?

References T Crosby and N Ghoniem, J. Comp. Mech. 50:159–168 (2012). T Crosby & N Ghoniem, JNM 442 (1-3)261-266, 2013. Z Chen, N Ghoniem, APS Bulletin, 58, Abstract ID: BAPS.2013.MAR. R Harb, E. Tacirogulu, and NM Ghoniem,” Acta Mater., 61(5), 1454, 2013. Z Chen, N Ghoniem ,Phys Rev, B 88 (3),035415, 2013. A. Takahashi & NM Ghoniem, Phil Mag, 93(20), 2662, 2013. G. Po & NM Ghoniem, “A variational formulation of constrained dislocation dynamics coupled with heat and vacancy diffusion,” JMPS, Accepted, 2013. G. Po, D. Seif, NM Ghoniem, & M. Lazar, “Dislocation dynamics without singularities,” JMPS, submitted, 2013. D Rivera, T Crosby, A Sheng, N M. Ghoniem, “Experimental characterization & surface fracture modeling of W in plasma transients,” JNM, submitted. NM Ghoniem, A. Sehirliioglu, A. Neff, JP Allain, B. Williams, “Sputtering and Amorphization in Molybdenum and Tungsten Nano-pillars Irradiated with Low-energy Argon Ions,” JAP, submitted. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 235001 and 255001 (2012); Phys. Plasmas 19, 123513 and 093511 (2012); Phys. Rev. Lett. 111,  075002 and 115002 (2013); App. Phys. Lett. 103, 104104 (2013); Phys. Rev. E 88, 033103 (2013); , I EPC 2013-390; IEPC 2013-131,132 A. Borner, Z. Li, and D. Levin, “Development of a Molecular-Dynamics-Based Cluster-Heat-Capacity Model for Study of Homogeneous Condensation in Supersonic Water-Vapor Expansions,” The Journal of Chemical Physics, Jan. 23, 2013, Vol. 138, Issue 6, Feb. 2013, 064302 (2013). A. Borner, Z. Li, and D. Levin, “Comparison of DSMC and Experimental Results of H2O Supersonic Condensed Jets,“ AIAA paper 2013-2784, AIAA 44th Thermophysics Conference, June 2013, San Diego, CA. B. Korkut, P. Wang, Z. Li, and D. Levin, “Three Dimensional Simulation of Ion Thruster Plumes with AMR and Parallelization Strategies,” AIAA paper 2013-3825, 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, July, 2013, San Jose, CA. B. Korkut, D. Levin, J. Young, and R. Sedwick, "Comparison of Ion Thruster Plumes Generated in the SPPL-1 Facility with DSMC-PIC Simulations with AMR," AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, 13-17 January 2014, National Harbor, MD, AIAA 2014-0139 Meier, E.T., et al. "Development and validation of a two-fluid plasma-neutral model", Innovative Confinement Concepts (2011). Matsuzawa, Y., et. al, “Effects of background neutral particles on a field-reversed configuration plasma in the translation process”. Phys. Plasmas 15, (2008). Lutkenhaus JL et al. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2013;1(26):7648-56. Lutkenhaus, JL et al. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15 (24), 9654-9662 (2013) J. Kou, et al. , I.A. Aksay, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2011) Jeon, J.-W., O’Neal, J., Shao, L., & Lutkenhaus, J.L., Charge Storage in Polymer Acid-Doped Polyaniline-Based Layer-by-Layer Electrodes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5 (20), 10127-10136 (2013).