Preventing Heart Disease

What is heart disease? Heart disease is a collection of problems affecting the heart and blood vessels Heart Valve problems Arrhythmia Heart attack Stroke (American Heart association, 2017)

#1 cause of death in women…throughout the world! Why should you care? Cardiovascular disease (CVD/heart disease) is the #1 cause of death in women…throughout the world! (Davidson et al. 2012) Women tend to ignore symptoms or don’t recognize symptoms Are treated less aggressively than men are older and have more comorbidities than men Have a higher mortality rate than men (Gujral & Sawatzky, 2017)

Cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke http://watchlearnlive.heart.org/CVML_Player.php

Things to look for Heart Attack Stroke (F.a.s.t) Pain in the back, neck, jaw or arm Shortness of breath Nausea, vomiting, or indigestion Weakness or fainting Cough (Gujral & Sawatzky, 2017) Facial drooping Arm Weakness Speech Time (call 911 immediately) Other symptoms: Trouble seeing Sudden headache (American stroke association, 2017)

Risk factors Hypertension Smoking Diabetes Overweight/obesity “the most common and preventable risk factor” (Gujral & Sawatzky, 2017, p. 24) Smoking Diabetes Overweight/obesity Menopause (Gujral & Sawatzky, 2017) Family history of heart attack or stroke (American heart association, 2016)

have proven to decrease the risk of CVD (Barnes, 2012) What can you do? Lifestyle changes have proven to decrease the risk of CVD (Barnes, 2012)

Lifestyle changes; you can do it! Exercise- 150 minutes/week (Sherrod, sherrod/,spitzer, & cheek, 2013) “75 minutes per week of light physical activity could reduce cardiovascular risk by as much as 14%” (Barnes, 2012, p. 224) http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Support/Get-Moving-Tips-for- Caregivers_UCM_301817_Article.jsp#.WTGNEusrLIU

Healthy diet 2 cups of fruit and 2.5 cups of vegetables per day minimum of 3 oz. of whole grains (6 oz. total) per day (ODPHP, 2017) 2 servings of oily fish per week (Sherrod, Sherrod, spitzer &sheek, 2013) https://www.choosemyplate.gov/myplate/grains/gallery/Whole%20Grains

Ideal goals for heart health Healthy body weight BMI< 25 Blood sugar <100mg/dl Cholesterol HDL >50mg/dL; LDL < 100mg/dl Blood pressure <120/80 (sherrod, sherrod, spitzer, 7 cheek, 2013)

(NHLBI, nd, calculate your body mass index) Calculating BMI “Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight” (NHLBI, nd, calculate your body mass index) BMI CHART (NHBLI, ND)

References American Heart Association (2016). Family history and heart disease, stroke. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/Fami ly-History- and-Heart- Disease-Stroke_UCM_44849_Article.jsp#.WSxK2-vyvIU American Heart association (2017). What is cardiovascular disease? Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Support/What-is-Cardiovascular- Disease_UCM_301852_Article.jsp#.WTFrL- vyvIU Barnes, A. (2012). Obesity and sedentary lifestyles; risk for cardiovascular disease in women. Obesity and Texas Heart Institute Journal, 39 (2), 224-227. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3384027/ Davidson, P. M., Meleis, A. I., McGrath, S.J., DiGiacomo, M., Dharmendra, T., Puzantian, H., Song, M., Riegel, B. (2012). Improving women’s cardiovascular health: a position statement from the international council on women’s health issues. Health Care For Women International, 33(10), 943-955. Doi: 10.1080/07399332.2011.646375

Gujral, G. , & Sawatzky, J. V. (2017) Gujral, G., & Sawatzky, J. V. (2017). Cardiovascular disease risk: a focus on women. Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 27(1), 22-30. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.lib.odu.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=20 &sid=39ac2b52-cb0e-4d4e-be64-c7284388b99e%40sessionmgr104&hid=127 National Heart Blood and Lung Institute (ND). Body mass index table. Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmi_tbl.pdf National Heart Blood and Lung Institute (ND). Calculate your body mass index. Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2017). How to build a healthy eating pattern. Retrieved from https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/resources/DGA_Healthy-Eating- Pattern.pdf Sherrod, M., Sherrod, N., Spitzer, M., and Cheek, D. (2013). AHA recommendations for preventing heart disease in women. Nursing, 43(5), 61-65. Doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000427992.69682.40

Recources Educational slideshows ON HEART ATTACK, CHOLESTEROL, AND STROKE http://watchlearnlive.heart.org/CVML_Player.php Stroke warning signs quiz http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/WarningSigns/Strok e-Warning-Signs-and-Symptoms_UCM_308528_SubHomePage.jsp The f.a.s.t. app http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/WarningSigns/Strok e-Warning-Signs-and-Symptoms_UCM_308528_SubHomePage.jsp Information Why getting quick stroke treatment is important http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/General/Why-Getting-Quick- Stroke- Treatment-Is-Important_UCM_451540_Article.jsp#.WTGC7evyvIU

Activity log http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart- public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_445503.pdf Get moving tips http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Support/Get-Moving-Tips-for- Caregivers_UCM_301817_Article.jsp#.WTGNEusrLIU SERVING SIZE CARD https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/downloads/servingcard7.pdf Meal plans and recipes https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/eat/index.htm serving sizes and portions https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/eat-right/distortion.htm

HOW TO BUILD A HEALTHY EATING PATTERN Meal plans and recipes https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/eat/index.htm serving sizes and portions https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/wecan/eat-right/distortion.htm Whole grains gallery https://www.choosemyplate.gov/myplate/grains/gallery/Whole%20Grains HOW TO BUILD A HEALTHY EATING PATTERN https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/resources/DGA_Healthy-Eating-Pattern.pdf WHOLE GRAINS AND FIBER http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/HealthyDietGoals/Whole- Grains-and-Fiber_UCM_303249_Article.jsp#.WTGRrusrLIU