Ligament Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty Section 1 | Anatomy of the knee ligaments
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Colour coding of illustrations - reference
1.0 – Overview The surgeon’s anatomical perspective [Fig 1.0.1a] Bony landmarks and ligament/muscle attachments on the anterior aspect of the knee.
1.0 – Overview The surgeon’s anatomical perspective [Fig 1.0.1a] Bony landmarks and ligament/muscle attachments on the anterior aspect of the knee.
1.0 – Overview The surgeon’s anatomical perspective [Fig 1.0.1a] Bony landmarks and ligament/muscle attachments on the anterior aspect of the knee.
1.0 – Overview The surgeon’s anatomical perspective [Fig 1.0.1a] Bony landmarks and ligament/muscle attachments on the anterior aspect of the knee.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The deep medial layer [Fig 1.1.1] Anatomic specimen after removal of medial capsule with distal part of the vastus medialis muscle, superficial MCL, and pes anserinus. Now displaying the deep MCL.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The deep medial layer [Fig 1.1.1] Anatomic specimen after removal of medial capsule with distal part of the vastus medialis muscle, superficial MCL, and pes anserinus. Now displaying the deep MCL.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The middle medial layer [Fig 1.1.2a] Anatomic specimen after removal of the medial capsule and the distal part of the vastus medialis muscle.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The middle medial layer [Fig 1.1.2a] Anatomic specimen after removal of the medial capsule and the distal part of the vastus medialis muscle.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The middle medial layer [Fig 1.1.2b] Dorsal aspect of the knee joint with the five different capsular and tendinous attachments of the semimembranosus muscle.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The middle medial layer [Fig 1.1.2c] The semimembranosus muscle has a direct attachment to the posteromedial corner of the tibia. The attachment can be located posteriorly to the oblique fibers of the superficial MCL and by retracting the pes anserinus.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The middle medial layer [Fig 1.1.2c] The semimembranosus muscle has a direct attachment to the posteromedial corner of the tibia. The attachment can be located posteriorly to the oblique fibers of the superficial MCL and by retracting the pes anserinus.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The superficial medial layer [Fig 1.1.3] Tibial attachment of the pes anserinus.
1.1 – Medial aspect of the knee The superficial medial layer [Fig 1.1.3] Tibial attachment of the pes anserinus.
1.2 – Lateral aspect of the knee The deep and middle lateral layer [Fig 1.2.1a] Anatomic specimen of the extended knee after the lateral capsule and the complete iliotibial band has been removed.
1.2 – Lateral aspect of the knee The deep and middle lateral layer [Fig 1.2.1a] Anatomic specimen of the extended knee after the lateral capsule and the complete iliotibial band has been removed.
1.2 – Lateral aspect of the knee The deep and middle lateral layer [Fig 1.2.1b] Anatomic specimen of the flexed knee after the lateral capsule and the complete iliotibial band have been removed.
1.2 – Lateral aspect of the knee The deep and middle lateral layer [Fig 1.2.1b] Anatomic specimen of the flexed knee after the lateral capsule and the complete iliotibial band have been removed.
1.2 – Lateral aspect of the knee The superficial lateral layer [Fig 1.2.2] Anatomic specimen of the lateral aspect. The ventral fibers of the iliotibial band attaching to the patella are lifted by a retractor.
1.2 – Lateral aspect of the knee The superficial lateral layer [Fig 1.2.2] Anatomic specimen of the lateral aspect. The ventral fibers of the iliotibial band attaching to the patella are lifted by a retractor.
1.3 – Posterior aspect of the knee The posterior cruciate ligament [Fig 1.3.1a] Anatomic specimen: anterior view after resection of the anterior cruciate ligament. The origin of the PCL is on the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle.
1.3 – Posterior aspect of the knee The posterior cruciate ligament [Fig 1.3.1a] Anatomic specimen: anterior view after resection of the anterior cruciate ligament. The origin of the PCL is on the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle.
1.3 – Posterior aspect of the knee The posterior cruciate ligament [Fig 1.3.1b] Posterior cruciate ligament. The anterior fibers are loose in extension and tight in flexion. The posterior fibers are tight in (hyper-) extension and become loose in flexion.
1.3 – Posterior aspect of the knee The posterior cruciate ligament [Fig 1.3.1b] Posterior cruciate ligament. The anterior fibers are loose in extension and tight in flexion. The posterior fibers are tight in (hyper-) extension and become loose in flexion.
1.3 – Posterior aspect of the knee The posterior cruciate ligament [Fig 1.3.1b] Posterior cruciate ligament. The anterior fibers are loose in extension and tight in flexion. The posterior fibers are tight in (hyper-) extension and become loose in flexion.