Revision2 for CENG34340 (Self study exercise no need to submit) Q2.1 : A signal generator is generating pulses of a repeating pattern at the 3-bit output ‘outx’, one cycle of the pattern is shown in the following figure.  The signal specifications of the generator are as follows. -- ‘clk’ is a clock input signal. -- ‘arst’ is an asynchronous input reset signal. When ‘arst’ is ‘1’, ‘outx’ is reset to ‘000’. Otherwise ‘outx’ is generating the pattern as specified above. a) Write the VHDL program of the signal generator. c) Quote the frequency of ‘clk’ used in your design. (version10) TA Time Outx 1Sec. 1Sec 0.5Sec. 0.5 sec. Outx= “010” Outx= “100” Outx=“001” Outx=“101” CENG3430 revision2 v.7b

Q2.2 : These are questions on counters and pattern generators. A pulse-width-modulation (PWM) generator converts an 8-bit digital input ‘Din’ into PWM pulses at the single bit output ‘outy’. One cycle of the PWM signal is 20ms and is shown below. The pulse on_time (y) is linearly proportional to the value of ‘Din’. Such that, when ‘Din’ is ‘0’, y is 0, and when ‘Din’ is 255, y is [255*(20/256)] ms, the signal specifications are as follows. ‘clk’ is a clock input signal. ‘Din’ is an 8-bit digital input signal. ‘outy’ is an output signal for the PWM pulses. ‘srst’ is a synchronous input reset signal. When ‘srst’ is 1, ‘outy’ is reset to 0. Otherwise ‘outy’ is generating pulses as specified. Sketch 1 cycle of the waveform of ‘outy’ when Din=’1’. Mark on your diagram the time (in ms) when ‘outy’ changes states. Sketch 1 cycle of the waveform of ‘outy’ when Din =’255’. Mark on your diagram the time (in ms) when ‘outy’ changes states. Write the VHDL program of this signal generator. Quote the frequency of ‘clk’ used in your design. (version10) Digital level 20ms : One cycle of the PWM pulses of ‘outy’ High =’1’ Low =’0’ On_time=y Off_time=20ms-y Time (ms) CENG3430 revision2 v.7b

Q2.3 A pattern generator system has a reset input RST, an input TAG, a clock input C1 and an output X which is a vector consisting of X(2), X(1), X(0). Write the entity declaration of a VHDL program for the above interface signals. Write the architecture body in each of the following different systems. (System 1) The reset (RST) of the system is synchronous. The system is an up/down counter. After reset (RST=1), output X is cleared. When RST=0, the pattern generator is a binary up/down counter, at each rising edge of C1, output X changes states. When TAG=1, the continuous counting sequence at X is counting upward. When TAG=0, the continuous counting sequence at X is counting downward. (System 2) The reset (RST) of the system is asynchronous. Every time after reset (RST=1), output X is cleared. When RST =0, at each rising edge of C1, output X changes states depending on TAG as follows. (During counting, TAG and RST remain unchanged.) If TAG is 1, the counting sequence at X is “111”, “101” , “010” , “011” and then X remains unchanged until the next reset arrives (when RST=1). If TAG is 0, the counting sequence at X is “000”, “111” , “001” and then X remains unchanged until the next reset arrives (when RST=1). (Version 9) CENG3430 revision2 v.7b

Hint: In VHDL you may write the value A in Hex as “1010” or x“A”. Q2.4 :A state machine (having states: s0,s1,s2,s3) changes states at the rising edge of a clock (CLK). The input and output signals used are shown as follows. Clock input: CLK Asynchronous Input: RST, Synchronous Input: INX, Output: OUTX (3 downto 0)  You are required to design the basic version of the state machine. When RST is ‘1’, the state is reset to s0, otherwise at each rising edge of CLK the state changes according to this pattern: s0s1s2s3back to s0 and so on. The output specification for each state is as follows. When INX is ‘1’, OUTX at state s0, s1, s2 and s3 are 1, 3, 5 and 7 (in hex) respectively. When INX is ‘0’, OUTX at state s0, s1, s2 and s3 are A,B,C and D (in hex) respectively. Hint: In VHDL you may write the value A in Hex as “1010” or x“A”.  Write the VHDL entity declaration and architecture for the state machine.  -You are required to modify the above version of the state machine based the following specification.  Add a signal: OUTY (3 downto 0), which has a value representing the difference between the OUTX of the current state and OUTX of the previous state. Describe how to modify the state machine in part (a) to fulfil the requirement. You may rewrite the VHDL entity declaration and architecture, or show the instructions needed to be added. Hint: You may add additional signals to the system. (version 9) CENG3430 revision2 v.7b