DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.001 Chemical castration in cattle with intratesticular injection of sodium chloride: Effects on stress and inflammatory markers  Fernando C. Oliveira, Carlos E.R. Ferreira, Cristina S. Haas, Leonardo G. Oliveira, Rafael G. Mondadori, Augusto Schneider, Monique T. Rovani, Paulo B.D. Gonçalves, Arnaldo D. Vieira, Bernardo G. Gasperin, Thomaz Lucia  Theriogenology  Volume 90, Pages 114-119 (March 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.001 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Means ± SEM for eye corner (A) and scrotal (B) temperature (°C) in 4–20 days old male calves submitted to surgical castration, chemical castration through intratesticular injection of 20% NaCl or only restrained (control), at distinct time points relative to the procedures - Experiment 1: (n = 9 per group). *At D1, surgical castration differs from control and chemical castration; at D4 surgical and chemical castration differ from control (P < 0.0001). Theriogenology 2017 90, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.001) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Means ± SEM for serum levels of acute (A) and chronic (B) cortisol and paraoxonase activity (C) in 4–20 days old male calves submitted to surgical castration, chemical castration through intratesticular injection of 20% NaCl or only restrained (control), at distinct time points relative to the procedures - Experiment 1: paraoxonase and acute cortisol (n = 9 per group); chronic cortisol (n = 6 per group) a,bDifferences among time points for chemical castration (P < 0.05). A,BDifferences among time points for surgical castration (P < 0.05). Theriogenology 2017 90, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.001) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Histological sections of the testicular parenchyma (hematoxylin-eosin staining) for 5-months old male calves submitted to chemical castration through intratesticular injection of 30% NaCl (B) or 30% CaCl2 (C) and only restrained (control) (A) - Experiment 2. *Typical prepubertal seminiferous tubes; #Typical rete testis; I: inflammatory cells; CN: extensive coagulative necrosis; Arrows: calcification areas. Theriogenology 2017 90, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.001) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Histological features in testicular tissues of 5-months old male calves submitted to chemical castration through intratesticular injection of 30% NaCl or 30% CaCl2 and only restrained (control) - Experiment 2 (n = 6 testicles per group). Theriogenology 2017 90, 114-119DOI: (10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.001) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions