Internet Structure: Technology, Coordination, and Organizations LESSON 2 Module 1: The History and the Future of the Web Internet Structure: Technology, Coordination, and Organizations

Lesson Overview In this lesson, you will: Learn about the relationship between the Internet and the Web Understand and discuss the evolution of the Internet Share your experiences in accessing and using the Internet Day 2

Guiding Question How has the Internet impacted you, your friends, your family, and your community (local, national, and global)?

Internet Visionaries and Pioneers Joseph Licklider, 1962, Galactic Network Larry Roberts, 1965, connected two computers that shared files Leonard Kleinrock, 1969, ARPANET Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, 1974, co-designed TCP/IP Joseph Licklider, 1962, Galactic Network described today’s Internet Larry Roberts, 1965, connected two computers that shared files—one in Massachusetts and the other in California Leonard Kleinrock, 1969, connected the first computer on the ARPANET making it the first computer on the Internet Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, 1974, co-designed TCP/IP, the first networking communication protocols

Internet History and Structure The United States government’s role 1958 U.S. Department of Defense commissioned ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) Name changed to DARPA 1960s Communications Initiative 1958 U.S. Department of Defense commissioned ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) Research and development organization for Dept. of Defense Name changed to DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 1960s Communications Initiative Ensure communication systems remain intact if damaged due to natural disaster or attack

Internet History and Structure The United States government’s role 1960s ARPA commissioned ARPANET First WAN (Wide Area Network) Packet switching Universities, research institutes, and several NATO countries Larry Roberts Internet History and Structure U.S. Government’s Role 1960s ARPA commissioned ARPANET First WAN (Wide Area Network) Used packet switching Computers located at universities, research institutes, and several NATO countries Larry Roberts was the director of the Computer Research Program.

Internet History and Structure The United States government’s role 1960s ARPANET—Four-node network restricted to government, academia, and research 1st Node—UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) 2nd Node—SRI (Stanford Research Institute) 3rd Node—UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara) 4th Node—University of Utah

Internet History and Structure National Science Foundation’s role in the 1980s NSF funded Computer Science Network (CSN) NSF funded Supercomputing Program NSFNET / Supercomputing Program Both networks allowed commercial access National Science Foundation’s role in the 1980s NSF funded Computer Science Network (CSN) to connect computer science departments in universities not connected to ARPANET NSF funded Supercomputing Program making high-performance computers available to researchers NSFNET created as a result of Supercomputing Program Both networks not restricted to research and academia—allowed commercial access

Internet History and Structure National Science Foundation’s role in the 1980s NSF granted network access points to Commercial Backbones New York Sprint Washington, DC MFS Chicago Ameritech California Pacific Bell

Internet History and Structure National Science Foundation’s role in the 1990s April 30, 1995, NSFNET dissolved Maintained vBNS Very-High-Speed Backbone Network Service Internet 2

Practice Using http://hwi.uni.be/hwi_uk.html, complete the simulation entitled “How Does the Internet Work?” and answer the questions on the worksheet. Using a variety of resources, answer the questions on The Internet History, Pioneers, and Standards.

Lesson Review During this lesson, you learned: The relationship between the Internet and the Web How the Internet evolved How connection factors impact your Internet experience This is the last slide of the presentation.