Journal Entry In your opinion, did the French Revolution get out of hand? Why or why not? Copy or restate At least one paragraph

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The Rise of Napoleon Essential Question: What role did Napoleon play in the French Revolution?

Background Sent to military school at age 10 Started in the artillery as a 16 year old lieutenant When the revolution broke out he joined the New Republic's Army

His Accomplishments His legend began in 1795 when he put down a Royalist threat 1796 the Directory appointed Napoleon General of the French Army against Austria and Sardinia He soon swept into Italy and won a series of victories Soon he became the most famous general in France.

Napoleon’s Coup Directory quickly loses faith of the people In 1799, Napoleon takes control of France by leading a coup d’etat, or a sudden overthrow of the government He became emperor by using the plebiscites-election where you vote yes or no He won with overwhelming support. France wanted a strong central leader Through a series of victories, Napoleon controls almost all of Europe

Reasons for His Success It is a citizens army Excellent mobility (good cavalry, strike-retreat) They live off the land They look good, very intimidating.

Domination of Europe By 1810, Napoleon’s empire stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to Russia At this time he set up universal laws known as the Napoleonic Code As he marched across Europe, he eliminated serfdom, introduced religious tolerance, and spread the ideals of liberty and equality.

His First Mistake He cut off all trade between Britain and the rest of Europe Napoleon thought that this would cripple Britain. The plan backfired when British formed a blockade to stop all French imports This hurt France and angered Napoleon’s allies

His Second Mistake Napoleon misjudged the power of nationalism, a sense of pride or devotion to one’s nation Nationalism fueled rebellion in Germany and Spain Napoleon lost over 300,000 men to Spanish and German guerrillas.

His Third Mistake Napoleon invaded Russia because the Czar refused to stop selling grain to Britain He expected his larger army to defeat Russia’s inferior army. The Russians retreated towards Moscow and burned everything as they went (Scorched-earth policy).

His Third Mistake Continued The worst winter in 100 years hit Russia The Russian’s completely burned Moscow. Napoleon lost between 400,000-600,000 men in his retreat.

An Injured Napoleon Sensing that Napoleon had been fatally weakened, Britain formed a Grand Alliance against France. Within a year the allies had defeated France and exiled Napoleon.

The End of His Reign In 1815, he escaped from Elba and returned to France for 100 days A wave of enthusiasm swept through France upon his return Thousands again joined Napoleon’s army When British and Prussian armies rushed towards France, Napoleon met them at Waterloo.

Waterloo After a long battle, Napoleon’s troops retreated This ended Napoleon’s last bid for power The British exiled Napoleon to the island of St. Helena and he died 6 years later

Congress of Vienna Goals Restore balance of power Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible Compensation

Congress of Vienna France lost all conquered land Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years $700,000,000 (Francs) compensation

Essential Question What role did Napoleon play in the French Revolution?

Newspaper Headline Create a newspaper headline about an event during Napoleon’s reign Must include a picture and a description of the event