II. Italian and German Nationalism

A. What is Nationalism? A spirit; feeling that bonds people together A group of people who share common characteristics: Ethnicity Religion Customs, Culture History Region (live in same area) Language

B. Nationalism can be a Unifier or Divider Bring people together who share common bonds examples : Italy and Germany Can pull countries apart that don’t share common bonds: The Greeks who broke away from the Ottoman Empire, The Kurds in Northern Iraq and Turkey, Palestinians in Israel

III. Italian Nationalism Three men will be responsible for bringing Italian States together under one government

A. Giuseppe Mazzini Founded the Italian Nationalist Young Italy movement in 1831. Mazzini became the spiritual leader of the Italian nationalist movement. He focused his organizing on the young believing that the nationalist spirit needed time to grow and that the young were more accepting of the new spirit.

B. Camillo di Cavour Leader of Piedmont-Sardinia, Italy’s largest State Wanted to unify Italy under the leadership of King Victor Emmanuel II Is successful in unifying Northern States Drives out Austria

C. Giuseppe Garibaldi *Leader of Nationalist group called the Red Shirts *Will Unify the Southern Italian States and join them with the North under King Emmanuel II *Was a skilled military leader who was successful against the French and Austrians *Was involved in revolutions in South America as well –Uruguay and Cuba

The Unification of Prussia (Germany) Otto Von Bismarck

Otto Von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia under King Wilhelm I His goal is to unify German states into one nation. He is considered the father of modern day Germany

Ways Bismark Unified the German States with Prussia Realpolitik-”the politics of reality” do whatever it takes to unify the German states. Do what ever is practical; use common sense. He will rule by himself. Purposely starts wars with Denmark, Austria, and France so that German states will be forced to unify with each other in their defense

Events Continued Slogan “Blood and Iron”- Bismarck convinces German people that it will take a lot of hard work and blood shed to bring Germans together.

Results of Bismarck’s Rule By 1870 Germany becomes one of Europe’s most powerful countries. King Wilhelm is given the title “Kaiser” (Emperor) as they believe they have established the Second Reich (the second Holy Roman Empire).