Status DU deployment and detector layout studies SeaWiet Eric Heine, Ruud Groenewegen, Marck Smit Nikhef/NIOZ

Factor ~13 faster per DU (both string concept) Design DU deployment Since January 2009 NIOZ involved Exchange of ideas for deployment of DU in string concept Constraint ANTARES KM3NeT #lines 12 300 deployment period 2 year 4 year #deployments/yr 6 75 Factor ~13 faster per DU (both string concept)

General requirements Dimensions of a deployment structure must be narrower than 2.4 m*2.4 m*6 m for transportation Optimise # wet-mateable connectors 10 branches of 30 DUs or 30 branches of 10 DUs or anything else (QA!) Phased deployment, modular design - Optimise # of sea operations (risk analysis, costs)

Technical requirements (preliminary) Geometry DU length 600 m First storey 100 m above seabed 21 STO-OM Depth seabed 5000 m Seafloor position tolerance: : +/- 5 m (relative position) Deployment of multiple DUs Buoyancy Buoy at the top Weight of a optical module in air is approximately 30 k, positive buoyancy per sphere = 12.5 kg Drag Top displacement better than ~5 m at usea = 5 cm/s, survival current: 30 cm/s Dimensions DWDM: appr 100 x 50 x 15 mm e/o cable ~ 20 mm , ropes ~4 mm 

DU Deployement meeting NIOZ-NIKHEF 1 DU, densily packed One DU can be densed packed in one third of a standard ISO 20’container (LxWxH=6x2.4x2.6m) Each DU is connected to the next one. On board more containers can be connected (dry mateble)., depends on the practicle nuimber of DUs in one sea operation versus wetmateble connectors and the min/max number to do physics. After deployment the package will raise by a trigger (eventualy extra empty spheres can be added to increase the bouycing. After de cable drums are empty they fall apart and float to the surface. Emit eoc and ropes on 2 sides

DU Deployement meeting NIOZ-NIKHEF Drum detail One DU can be densed packed in one third of a standard ISO 20’container (LxWxH=6x2.4x2.6m) Each DU is connected to the next one. On board more containers can be connected (dry mateble)., depends on the practicle nuimber of DUs in one sea operation versus wetmateble connectors and the min/max number to do physics. After deployment the package will raise by a trigger (eventualy extra empty spheres can be added to increase the bouycing. After de cable drums are empty they fall apart and float to the surface. 3 DUs fit in a ISO 20’ container Self floating

Next steps Optimise designs Organise tests in 30 m high water basin Verify unfurling of a single STO-OM+drum model Verify unfurling of a DU scale model (~1:10) Optimise size of the SJB (QA and physicists demands)

QA Totals; 1+1 PJBs 10+1 SJBs 300 DU nodes 6000 STO-OMs 186000 PMTs top block diagram subsea part meetings with WP7 (18+19/2) DU1 20x Totals; 1+1 PJBs 10+1 SJBs 300 DU nodes 6000 STO-OMs 186000 PMTs STO20 OM20 SJB1 30x MEOC PJB1 DU30 10x MEOC PJB2 SJB10 level 4 level 3 level 2 level 1 The OM fits in the logic top diagram of the subsea part of the detector. This diagram can be used as start for reliability and availability calculations. Appropriate methods and formulea are expected from WP7. It is also the start of the PBS numbering to keep track in sub projects from manufactering to integration and documentation and will possible used as setup for budgets. Glossary PJB Primary Junction Box SJB Secondary Junction Box (branch, sector) DU Detector Unit (vertical structure, string, tower) STO Storey (floor) OM Optical Module Next: Waiting on proper formula to optimize the detector design

Power layout Totals; 1(+1) PJBs 10+1 SJBs 300 DUs 6000 OMs 186000 PMTs 10kV 400V Main cable PJB data apd CPUs Clck GPS Lcw broadcast Clck, cal., s.c. Power logic assoc. science channel Shore station associated science SJB distributed secondary junction box AWG STO-OMs PMT c 10Gbps l 1 PMTs 3V3 STO-OM serdes DU S

Floorplan Ring structure (CDR p.40) Homogeneous structure (CDR p.40) Length/sector ≈3500m Power/sector ≈9000W Power supplies 22 DU: 312 Length/sector ≈ 2*1750m Power/sector ≈ 9000W Power supplies 20 DU: 324

Power 10 KV distribution workout of specifications / meeting with WP5 / visits to PBF, JDR Shore 10 kV globals: Q≈90 kW, 5.6 kVdc ≤ Uout ≤ 10 kVdc, h>80% MEOC: Vdrop ≤1.3kV, Acu 15mm2, Sea return 10 kV/400 V globals: Nº≈11, Q≈9 kW, ±360 V ≤ Uout ≤ ±400 V, h>90% Output at 5.7 kV Out off at 5.2 kV Slow control at 4.5 kV

Power 400V distribution +400 V and -400 V interleaved used. minimizing i2R loss, minimizing cross section, 3 wires Acu≈8 mm2 Nodes switchable. elimination of faulty strings elimination of faulty branch part as JB

Power DU, STO-OM level HV circuit PMT 10 dynodes, cathode voltage -800 V - -1200 V Vripple <150 mV/dynode, dV/dt < 75mV/ms Stabilization 0.95% on 38% input variation Vinput 3.3 V Load < 4.5 mW BOB: protection by resetable fuses Q≤ 15 W, 300 V ≤ Uin ≤ 400 V Cable: Acu≈0.65 mm2 OM: Central conversion 400 V to 12 V 12 V to 5 V 12 V to 3.3 V Overall h>80% proto

Visit to PBF Visit to PBF (power supplies) Representatives in 11 European countries by ACAL Academic design group Interested in small series, special and innovative power solutions Interested in 10 kV/400 V conversion N.B. Award for innovative designs from Department of Trade and Industry in 2008 Built the string power module and local power module for Antares Just as acquaintance. PBF NIKHEF JDR NIOZ, NIKHEF

Visit to JDR Visit to JDR (sub marine cables) Representatives in 5 countries world wide. Academic staff for calculations and design. Scope: Seismic exploration (market leader) Defense technology, ROV, Oil & Gas, Innovative Solutions Projects besides KM3NeT: Cable for OceanNet on 6000m depth, optic and power. Cable for ICE CUBE, stable impedance under pressure, low temperatures. Cable offer for Antares Power cables for off shore wind farms ROV project with Ifremer N.B. No production limit on fibers in a cable (KM3NeT scale) Fish baits are reality! Just as acquaintance. PBF NIKHEF JDR NIOZ, NIKHEF

Thanks for the attention

Power layout workout of specifications / meeting with WP5 in Dec / visits to PBF, JDR JB as 10 kV distribution 400 V distribution DU/STO/OM distribution Shore 10 kV globals: Q≈90 kW 5.6 kVdc ≤ Uout ≤ 10 kVdc h>80% +400 V and -400 V interleaved used. minimizing i2R, minimizing cross section, 3 wires Acu≈8 mm2 protection by resetable fuses in BOB Q≤ 15 W 300 V ≤ Uin ≤ 400 V Cable Acu≈0.65 mm2 Central conversion 400 V to 12 V 12 V to 5 V 12 V to 3.3 V Overall h>80% MEOC Vdrop ≤1.3kV Acu 15mm2 Sea return Nodes switchable. elimination of faulty strings elimination of faulty branch part 10 kV/400 V globals: Nº≈11 Q≈6 kW ±400 V ≤ Uout ≤ ±360 V h>80% Output at 5.7 kV Out off at 5.2 kV Slow control at 4.5 kV