Seismology is the study of

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Presentation transcript:

Seismology is the study of Earthquakes

Earthquake in Turkey in 2001 buckled railroad ties

Armenia Earthquake 1988

Great Alaska Earthquake 1964 8.9

East Coast Earthquake 5.8

Mercalli Damage Scale

Richter Scale - each increase of 1 represents 10 times more energy

9.0 Sumatra 2004 8,9 Japan 2011 8.8 Chile 2010 7.0 Haiti 2010 5.8 Virginia 2011

focus animation

Earthquakes produce 3 types of waves Ground roll P wave

wave motion 1 p wave motion s wave motion

Differences between “P” and “S” waves P Waves travel almost twice as fast P waves travel through liquids and solids P waves all called primary waves or push -pull -waves S waves cannot travel through liquids S waves provide evidence for a liquid outer core S waves are called shear waves or secondary waves

L waves (or ground roll) can be the Biggest. They travel along the surface and Cause a lot of the surface damage

P and S waves travel throughout the earth

When the waves enter a zone of sharply differing density, they are bent or refracted. This causes SHADOW ZONES

refraction shadow zones shadow zones 2

The waves are received on a seismograph

Seismometer

Simplified version of seismographs

Most earthquakes occur along ACTIVE FAULTS at tectonic plate boundaries

Pacific Plate San Andreas Fault N. American Plate

Socal Earthquakes

A branch of the San Andreas Fault running across highway

Earthquake along San Andreas Fault