Physical Activity & Physical Fitness at the High School Level Physical Activity is the process. Fitness is the product. Healthy People 2020 – national health objectives designed to identify the most significant preventable threats to health and to establish national goals to reduce these threats.

Physical Activity on a Continuum Physical activity = any body movement carried out by the skeletal muscles and requiring energy. Exercise = planned, structured, repetitive movement of the body designed to improve or maintain physical fitness. Physical fitness = a set of physical attributes that allows the body to respond or adapt to the demands and stress of physical effort .

Physical Activity Pyramid

Benefits of Different Programs

Physical Fitness Consists of: 5 health-related fitness components 6 skill-related components

Health Related Fitness Components 1. Cardiovascular endurance: the ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate-to-high levels of intensity. 2. Muscular strength: the amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort. 3. Muscular endurance : the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly.

Health-Related Fitness Components 4. Flexibility: the ability to move joints through their full range of motion. 5. Body composition: the proportion of fat and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body.

Skill-Related Fitness Agility Balance Coordination Speed Power Reaction time

Physical Fitness versus Physical Activity Copyright 2012 – Pearson Education, Inc.

Need for Fitness Effective study & work Good health Face emergencies Enjoyable leisure Value of fitness Look good Feel good Enjoy life Be healthy

Purpose of Fitness Testing Diagnosing Proving feedback Setting goals Charting improvement Testing Options: Physical Best & Fitnessgram (www.fitnessgram.net) President’s Challenge Tests (www.presidentschallenge.org)

Fitnessgram vs President’s Challenge Tests Both use criterion-referenced standards, which examine scores against a particular health criterion. Benefit: possible that students from quality PE programs can all reach a particular health standard on a test. Fitnessgram/Activitygram = A comprehensive, educational and promotional tool for fitness and activity assessment for children. President’s Challenge = A program that encourages all Americans to make being active part of their everyday lives. No matter what your activity and fitness level, the President's Challenge can help motivate you to improve.

Fitnessgram – H.E.L.P. HEALTH comes from regular physical activity and the development of health related fitness. Physical activity and fitness are for EVERYONE regardless of age, gender, or ability. Physical activity and physical fitness are for the LIFETIME. Physical activity programs should be designed to meet PERSONAL needs and interests. Regular physical activity will improve a child’s level of health- and skill-related physical fitness. The focus in the FITNESSGRAM program is on health-related fitness - -considered to be greater importance than performance in sports. Important for children to develop physical skills in order to perform physical activity as adults. However, health related fitness is a more important objective and is necessary for all people!

Fitness and health benefits obtained in childhood will not be retained in adulthood unless the person remains physically active. The best way to promote adult health is to promote adult activity! Therefore, the goal in Fitnessgram is to increase the likelihood that children will become active adults. The FITNESSGRAM report prints out an individualized report that evaluates a student’s personal level of fitness compared against the established health standard, the Healthy Fitness Zone.

Appropriate Uses for Fitnessgram Facilitating fitness education Providing feedback Teaching students about criterion-referenced health standards and what types of activity are needed to reach them Helping students track fitness results over time Documenting that assessments are being administered in the school and that student results are being tracked over time Institutional testing to allow teachers to view group data (for curriculum development)

The Fitnessgram Assessment Aerobic Capacity: PACER; One Mile Run-Walk; Walk Test; Body Composition: Percent Body Fat from Skinfold Measurements; Percent Body Fat from Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) Device; Body Mass Index from height and weight; Muscle Strength, Endurance & Flexibility: Abdominal – Curl-up; Trunk Extensor – Trunk Lift; Flexibility – Back saver Sit and Reach or Shoulder Stretch; Upper Body – 900 Push-Ups, Modified Pull-up, Flexed Arm Hang