Science Skills Chapter 1

Objectives Explain how science and technology are related. List the major branches of natural science and describe how they overlap. Describe the main ideas of physical science. Describe the steps in a scientific method.

Science System of knowledge about the natural world and the methods used to find that knowledge

Technology The use of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

Physical Science Chemistry Physics

Chemistry The study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter

Physics The study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two through forces and motion

Earth and Space Science Geology The study of the origin, history, and structure of Earth. Astronomy The study of the universe beyond Earth

Biology (Life Science) The study of life and life processes

Scientific method An organized plan used for gathering, organizing, and communicating information.

Analyze data & draw conclusions Scientific method Making observations Forming a hypothesis Testing a hypothesis Analyze data & draw conclusions Developing a theory

Do Now!!! What are the branches of natural science? How does the scientific process start and end? physical science, earth & space science, life science starts with curiosity and ends with discovery

Objective: Identify the metric and Si units used in science and convert between common metric prefixes.

Terms Length Mass Volume Density The straight-line distance between two points Mass The amount of matter in an object Volume The amount of space taken up by an object Density The ratio of a material’s mass to its volume

Scientific Notation A way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10

Objective: Perform calculations involving scientific notation and conversion factors.

Conversion factor A ratio of equivalent measurements that is used to convert a quantity from one unit to another

Do Now!!! Why are scientific models useful? Write the prefix for the following symbols: G    m  Makes it easier to understand things that might be too difficult to observe directly. giga- micro- milli-

Objective: Identify the metric and Si units used in science and convert between common metric prefixes.

Significant Figures All the digits in a measurement that are directly measured, plus the last digit, which is estimated

Uncertainty in Measurement Accuracy Nearness of a measurement to its accepted value Precision Agreement between the numerical values of a set of measurements that have been made in the same way

Poor accuracy Good precision Poor precision Good accuracy

Celsius & Fahrenheit

An instrument that measures temperature Thermometer An instrument that measures temperature

Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 0.8935 kL  ________ mL 0.01252 Gm  ________ km 3.94 kg  ________ g 297 s  ________ s 893500 12520 3940 0.000297 2

Objective: Relate the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales.

Converting Temperature F  C (TF – 32F)  5C = TC 9F

Converting F  C Step 1: Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature. Step 2: Multiply your answer from step 1 by 5. Step 3: Divide your answer from step 2 by 9. Step 4: Rewrite your answer from step 3 and make sure you have C after your answer.

Converting Temperature C  F TC  9C + 32 F = TF 5F

Converting C  F Step 1: Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9. Step 2: Divide your answer from step 1 by 5. Step 3: Add 32 to your answer from step 2. Step 4: Rewrite your answer from step 3 and make sure you have F after your answer.

Converting Temperature C  K C + 273 = TK

Converting C  K Step 1: Make sure that your temperature is in Celsius. If your temperature is in Fahrenheit, you must convert the temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius before you can continue. Step 2: Add 273 to the Celsius temperature. Step 3: Rewrite your answer from step 2 and make sure you have K after your answer.

Graphing Data 1. Identify the independent and dependent variables in your data. 2. Determine the range of the independent variable to be plotted.

Graphing Data 3. Decide whether the origin (0, 0) is a valid data point. 4. Spread the data out as much as possible.

Graphing Data 5. Number & label the horizontal axis. 6. Repeat steps 2-5 for the dependent variable.

Graphing Data 7. Plot the data points on the graph. 8. Draw “best fit” straight line or smooth curve through as many points as possible. 9. Give the graph a title that tells what the graph represents.

Slope The steepness of a line, equal to the ratio of a vertical change to the corresponding horizontal change.

Direct Proportion A relationship between two variables in which their ratio is constant

Inverse Proportion A relationship in which the product of two variables is a constant when all other variables are held constant.

Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 0.34 Mg  ________ kg 83.9 m  ________ cm 43.2 s  ________ ns 3.94 mL  ________ L 340 0.00839 43200 0.00394 1

Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 0.023 kg  ________ cg 279.1 ns  ________ s 1.29 mL  ________ L 0.562 Gm  ________ km 2300 0.2791 0.00129 562000 1

Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 12000 mm  ________ dm 0.0295 km  ________ m 34.1 g  ________ dg 0.856 ns  ________ s 120 29.5 341 0.000856 1

Objective: Relate the Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit temperature scales.

Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 2468 g  ________ kg 0.00637 cm  ________ m 29.0 F  ________ C 63.2 C  ________ F 2.468 63.7 -1.67 145.76 1

Do Now!!! Convert the following measurements: 22.48 Mg  ________ kg 0.0026 dm  ________ mm -15.2 F  ________ C 124 C  ________ F 22480 0.26 -26.22 255.2 1

Do Now!!! In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses? A. Drawing conclusions B. Making observations C. Analyzing data D. Revising a hypothesis 1

Do Now!!! In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses? A. Drawing conclusions B. Making observations C. Analyzing data D. Revising a hypothesis 1

Objectives Graph the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Recognize direct and inverse relationships and interpret the slope of the curve. 4

Objectives: Perform calculations involving scientific notation and conversion factors. Compare and contrast accuracy and precision.