Chapter 9 Hemoglobin, PCV, and Erythrocyte Indices

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 9 Hemoglobin, PCV, and Erythrocyte Indices Hematology Unit 2 Chapter 9 Hemoglobin, PCV, and Erythrocyte Indices Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Complete Blood Count CBC includes Total RBC count PCV Plasma protein concentration Total WBC count Blood film examination Differential WBC count, RBC and leukocyte morphology Reticulocyte count if anemic Hemoglobin concentration Erythrocyte indices Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Percentage of whole blood composed of RBCs Microhematocrit tubes Red ring – heparinized Blue ring – not treated Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Packed Cell Volume (cont.) RBC – high specific gravity Dark red layer Buffy coat Whitish-gray layer above the RBC layer Consists of WBCs and platelets Height – rough estimate of total WBC count Plasma Clear to pale yellow fluid Top layer Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Packed Cell Volume (cont.) Plasma layer Normal – clear to pale yellow Cloudy – lipemic Reddish tinge – hemolyzed Deep yellow – icteric Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Packed Cell Volume (cont.) Hematocrit reading tube Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Packed Cell Volume (cont.) Significance of results Pathologic condition Below normal Anemia Inadequate volume of blood to anticoagulant ratio Above normal Polycythemia Dehydrated Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Plasma Protein Concentration Plasma from the hematocrit tube Refractometer Measured in g/dL Lipemic samples False increase in the total protein reading Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hemoglobin Testing Functional unit of the RBC Heme portion Globin Contains iron Globin Amino acids Synthesis during maturation of RBCs Different forms Oxyhemoglobin – oxygen replaces CO2 in respiration Methemoglobin – occurs naturally Sulfhemoglobin – results from cell aging Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Erythrocyte Indices Help classify anemia Provide an objective measure of the size and average hemoglobin concentration Accuracy dependent upon: Total RBC count PCV Hemoglobin concentration Compare values to morphologic features Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mean Corpuscular Volume MCV measures average size of RBCs Divide PCV by RBC concentration and multiply by 10 Example: Dog has a PVC of 42%, RBC count of 6.0 million/mL 42/6 x 10 = 70 fL (femtoliters) Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Mean weight of hemoglobin contained in the average RBC Divide the hemoglobin concentration by the RBC concentration and multiply by 10 Example: Hemoglobin concentration of 14 g/dL and RBC concentration of 7 million/mL 14/7 × 10 = 20 pg (picograms) Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Concentration of hemoglobin in the average RBC Divide the hemoglobin concentration by the PCV and multiply by 100 Example: Hemoglobin concentration of 14 g/dL and PVC of 42% 14/42 × 100 = 33.3 g/dL Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary Cell counts Packed cell volumes Plasma protein concentration Hemoglobin testing Erythrocyte indices MCV MCH MCHC Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.