Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.1 Annotate a diagram to show the ultrastructure of a generalised animal cell. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/animal_cell.png

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.1 Annotate a diagram to show the ultrastructure of a generalised animal cell. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.1 Annotate a diagram to show the ultrastructure of a generalised animal cell. Ribosome: a cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Endoplasmic Reticulum: an extensive membranous network. Lysosomes: a membrane-enclosed sac of enzymes found in the cytoplasm. Campbell et.al 2006 Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.1 Annotate a diagram to show the ultrastructure of a generalised animal cell. Sub-topics Golgi Apparatus: an organelle consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrion: an organelle that serves as the site of cellular respiration. Nucleus: an atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Z9pqST72is Campbell et.al 2006 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.2 Annotate a diagram of the ultrastructure of a mitochondrion. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/jrobertus/ch339k/overheads-3/ch19_mitochondrion.jpg

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.3 Define the term cell respiration. The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway (a metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds) for the production of ATP in which oxygen is used as a reactant along with organic food. Campbell et.al 2006 Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.3 Define the term cell respiration. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.4 Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule. Adenosine Triphosphate is an energy rich chemical compound which serves as the immediate source of energy of most of the reactions in the body, especially muscle contraction. ATP is made up of a smaller compound (adenosine) and three phosphate groups (hence the name triphosphate). Browne et.al 2000 Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.4 Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule. Some molecules release a great deal of energy when their bonds are broken. ATP is one such high energy molecule. It is a kind of “currency” which powers all sorts of biological work. When it is broken down, ATP releases energy. ATP is broken down into Adenosine Diphosphate. That is, adenosine plus two phosphates and a separate phosphate group. Browne et.al 2000 Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.4 Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems http://library.thinkquest.org/C006669/media/Biol/img/atp_cycle.gif

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.5 Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction. The release of energy caused by the breakdown of ATP to ADP provides the energy for muscle contraction. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/isb200/ADP_ATP.JPG

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.6 Describe the resynthesis of ATP by the ATP-PC system. Creatine phosphate (a high energy molecule) is broken down to provide a phosphate molecule for the re-synthesis of ATP that has been utilized during the initial stages of exercise. (Pg. 68) Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.7 Describe the production of ATP by the lactic acid system. Pg. 68 – Also known as anaerobic glycosis- the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate with out the use of oxygen. Pyruvate is then converted into lactic acid, which limits the amount of ATP produced (2 ATP molecules). Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems 3.3.8 Explain the phenomena of oxygen deficit and oxygen debt (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption). Topic 3 Energy Systems Oxygen debt is now known as: excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) - Read through Pg. 70 Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems Topic 3 Energy Systems 3.3.9 Describe the production of ATP from glucose and fatty acids by the aerobic system. - Pg. 69 in the presence of oxygen pyruvate is processed by the Krebs cycle which liberates electrons that are passed through the electron transport chain producing energy (ATP). Fats are also broken down by beta oxidation that liberates a greater number of electrons thus more ATP. In the presence of oxygen and in extreme cases protein is also utilized. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems 3.3.10 Discuss the characteristics of the three energy systems and there relative contributions during exercise. Topic 3 Energy Systems Pg. 71 Limit to fuel sources, duration, intensity, amount of ATP production and by-products. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems

Nutrition & Energy Systems IB Sports, exercise and health science Nutrition & Energy Systems 3.3.11 Evaluate the relative contributions of the three energy systems during different types of exercise. Topic 3 Energy Systems Pg. 72 Research Task: Evaluate in relation to different types of exercise (endurance athlete, games player, sprinter) should be considered. Sub-topics 1. Nutrition 2. Carbohydrate & fat metabolism 3. Nutrition & energy systems