HHM 5014 NUTRACEUTICAL FORMULATION TECHNOLOGY 4.3 : CAPSULE & TABLET AFIQ | SHAHMI | NINA

TABLETS

Definition Defined as a compressed solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without excipients. Tablets are solid, flat or biconvex dishes, unit dosage form, prepared by compressing a drug or a mixture of drugs, with or without diluents.

Disadvantages and advantages Some drugs resist compression into dense compacts, owing to amorphous nature, low density character. Lighter and compact Bitter testing drugs, drugs with an objectionable odor or drugs that are sensitive to oxygen may require encapsulation or coating Easiest and cheapest to package and strip Difficult to swallow in case of children and unconscious patients Suitable for large scale production

Types of tablet 1) Tablets ingested orally Compressed tablet, e.g. Paracetamol tablet 2) Tablets used in oral cavity Buccal tablet, e.g. Vitamin-c tablet 3) Tablets administered by other route Vaginal tablet, e.g. Clotrimazole tablet 4) Tablets used to prepare solution Effervescent tablet, e.g. Dispirin tablet (Aspirin)

Ingredient Active ingredient Excipients / additives: Diluent:  improve cohesion Ex: Lactose-anhydrous and spray dried lactose Binder and Adhesive: to form granules  Ex: Acacia and Starch paste-10-20% solution Disintegrents: to facilitate breaking or disintegration when it contact in water Ex: sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Lubricants: improve the rate of flow of the tablet granulation Ex: Stearic acid

Glidants: To promote flow of granules or powder material by reducing the friction between the particles Ex: Corn Starch – 5-10% conc. Colouring agents: To masking of off color drugs and for product Identification. Ex: FD & C blue 1- Brilliant Blue Flavoring agents: flavor oil are used (chewable) Sweetening agents: Sugar, mannitol (chewable)

Tableting methods

Video

CAPSULES

Introduction Capsule are solid dosage forms in which drug substances is enclosed within hard or soft soluble shell. The shells are generally formed from gelatin. Parts of capsule

GELATIN Gelatin is heterogeneous product derived by hydrolytic extraction of animal collagen The sources of gelatins including animal bones, hide portions and frozen pork skin Type of gelatin Type A – It is manufactured mainly from pork skin. Type B – It is manufactured mainly from animal bones

Types of capsule 1. Hard gelatin capsules 2. Soft gelatin capsules Ex : Hard-shelled antibiotic capsules Ex : Cod liver oil soft gel capsules

Process Hard gelatin capsules 1. Developing and preparing formulation 2. Filling the capsule shell 3. Capsule sealing 4. Cleaning and polishing the filled capsules

Ingredient Diluents and fillers: lactose, cellulose, starch Disintegrants: sodium starch glicolate, pregelatinised starchgan Gligants & lubricants: silicon dioxide,magnesium stearte,calcium stearate Wetting agents: SLS

Capsules Size

Semi Automatic Capsules Devices Method Hand Operated methods Semi Automatic Capsules Devices Automatic Filling Machine

Filling of Capsules

Soft Gelatin Capsule Shape of capsule

Comparison

Disadvantages and advantages Capsules are tasteless, odorless & can easily be administered Hydroscopic for filling drug are not suitable into capsules, because they absorb water present in capsules shell makes shell very brittle and ultimately lead to crumble into pieces. Combination of powders we can use The concentrated solutions which require previous dilution are unstable for capsules. There are attractive in appearance They are economical They are easy to handle & carry

Conclusion Capsules and tablets – importance deliver system Possible difference mixture and ingredient Powder properties involve in production