Sample Short-Answer Questions

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Presentation transcript:

Sample Short-Answer Questions Define public policy and give two examples. Anything government decides to do. Examples: safe working conditions, minimum wage, war on drugs, speed limits, mandatory public education. Distinguish direct from indirect democracy. Direct involves all citizens in the decision making process. Indirect involves those electing people to positions in government to make decisions for us.

Interactive Notebook/Tracking Log

Interactive Notebook/Tracking Log

Chapter 1: Essential Questions Identify and describe the goals of government. Describe some forms of government around the world today. Identify the basic concepts of democracy.

Chapter 1: Essential Questions What is government? An institution that society makes to create law and enforce public policies. What are public policies? Anything government decides to do. For example: safe working conditions minimum wage war on drugs speed limits mandatory public education These are all examples of public policies that the government regulates and enforces.

Chapter 1: Essential Questions What are the goals of government? Form a more perfect union Establish justice Insure domestic tranquility Provide for the common defense Promote the general welfare Secure the blessings of liberty.

Chapter 1: Principles of government In the U.S., government has been divided into three main branches: Executive - power to execute, enforce, and administer law Legislative - power to create law public policy Judicial - power to interpret laws through court rulings Why did the Framers of the constitution separate these powers?

Chapter 1: Principles of government Classifying Governments Who can participate in the governing process? The geographic distribution of governmental power? The relationship between the legislative & executive branches?

Chapter 1: Principles of government Who can participate in the governing process? Democracy – political authority rests with the people. Forms include: direct and indirect. Direct involves all citizens in the decision making process. Indirect involves those elected to positions in government to make decisions. Dictatorship – political authority rests in the leader, not people. Forms include: autocracy (power given to one person) or oligarchy (power given to a chosen few)

Chapter 1: Principles of government 2. The geographic distribution of power. Unitary – all powers held by the central government belong to a single, central agency. Local government exists only for convenience. Federal – governmental power is divided between a central government and regional/local government. Confederate – is an alliance of independent states. The central government barely exists, any power exercised is by grant of the states.

Chapter 1: Principles of government 3. The relationship between the legislative & executive branches Presidential – branches are separate and coequal. For example, in the U.S., we have Congress (legislative branch) and the President (executive branch) both equal and separate. Parliamentary – the branches are fused as one, since the chief executive is selected from among the members of the legislative branch. For example, in the U.K., the Prime Minister is selected from the British Parliament.

Chapter 1: Principles of government The geographic distribution of power. Democracy – political authority rests with the people. Forms include: unitary (power at national level), federal (power spread at national, state, local levels) Dictatorship – political authority rests in the leader, not people. Forms include: autocracy (power given to one person) or oligarchy (power given to a chosen few)

Chapter 1: Principles of government Class Activity: Complete the handout distributed. For each concept of democracy, describe the ideal, or theory, and then detail the real-world application if each ideal. Equality of all persons Individual Freedom Democracy Necessity of Compromise Worth of Individual Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Chapter 1: Principles of government Equality of all persons Individual Freedom Democracy Necessity of Compromise Worth of Individual Majority Rule, Minority Rights

Chapter 2: Our Political Beginnings Limited Basic Concepts of Government Representative Government Ordered Government

Chapter 2: Our Political Beginnings To what extent are the landmark documents crucial to the freedoms you hold most dear? Theses landmark documents are crucial because they cover all of the essential freedoms we value in society. Free speech, religion, prevention of government abuse of power, and other basic safeguards protect all people.

Chapter 2: Our Political Beginnings Could the Revolutionary War have occurred without these documents? It would have still happened, but these documents gave colonists something to fight for and probably enhanced our chances for success because of that.

Chapter 2: Our Political Beginnings How have these documents influenced your State and Federal government? Both State and Federal must follow the principles in these documents; they are not optional.

Factors leading to the Revolutionary War: English domination (foreign power ruling over the colonies). Restrictive trading policies put in place over the colonies (who they could or could not trade with). Taxation without representation (colonials had no voice in government)

The Declaration of Independence Preamble: Why was the Declaration of Independence written? Declaration of Natural Rights: What rights are specifically cited? List of Grievances: How many cited? Resolution of Independence: How do the colonials decide to resolve the issue?

The Articles of Confederation Powers of Congress under the AoC: Wage war, send/receive ambassadors, build a navy, establish a post office, and make treaties. Each state had 1 delegate in congress. The Articles of Confederation, created in 1777, created a league of friendship among the independent 13 states. The structure assigned most power to the states, while the national government had little power. This lack of power given to the national government, and the corresponding weaknesses, to led a crisis by 1787 and the calling for a constitutional convention.

Chapter 3:The Constitution The Colonial Mind A lust for domination is more or less natural to all parties. Men will seek power because they are ambitious, greedy, and easily corrupted. The liberties the colonists fought to protect were widely understood. They were based not on the generosity of a king, but on higher law embodying natural rights.

Chapter 3:The Constitution The Articles of Confederation Our nations first attempt at national government. AoC failed, in part, because of the following: Congress could not tax Amendments required unanimous vote No executive branch to enforce laws enacted Congress could not regulate interstate commerce National government was dependent upon the States for militia

Chapter 3:The Constitution Key Principles Federalism – sharing of power among national, state, and local government Enumerated powers – powers exclusively belonging to the federal government (print money, declare war, make treaties) Reserved powers – powers exclusively belonging to state government (issue licenses, regulate commerce within a state) Concurrent powers – powers shared by both federal and state governments )tax, build roads, borrow money, creating courts) Checks and Balances – each branch has the power to check and balance the operations and power of the other two branches.

Chapter 3:The Constitution Key Principles Federalists – nationalists, favored strong national government Antifederalists - “states’ righters,” favored weaker national government Bill of Rights – 1st 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution that contain the core liberties and protections from government. Habeas Corpus – a judicial order to produce an arrested person before a judge Bill of Attainder – A law that declares a person, without trial, guilty of a crime. Ex Post Facto – A law that makes an act criminal although it was legal at the time it was committed.

Chapter 3:The Constitution The Virginia Plan – a national legislature would have supreme powers on all matters not under state control (including power to veto state laws) as well as one house in congress directly elected by the people based upon population. The New Jersey Plan – proposed to amend the AoC, and maintain equal representation among the states in the national legislature. The Great Compromise – a.k.a. Connecticut Compromise, represented a compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey plans; it called for bicameral legislature where both large and small state interests would be protected (House membership based upon population, Senate membership based upon equal members from every state.

Chapter 2: Constitutional Reform Most critics of the U.S. government today fall into one of two categories: those who feel the federal government is too powerful, and those who feel it is too weak. Too powerful – critics argue that the government assumes too much influence, has grown too large, taxes too much, and utilizes money to coerce state and local government into complying with its mandates. Too weak – separation of powers is the primary hindrance to a prompt, decisive, and comprehensive action by government.

The Declaration has four parts: The Preamble Declaration of Natural Rights List of Grievances & Resolution of Independence As you read and review this document, realize that the political ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence underlie the fabric of our entire democracy. The freedoms we enjoy, even take for granted at times, were originally manifested and expressed in this document.

Separation of Powers: Checks and Balances Separation of powers is a political philosophy where governmental power must be divided up so as to prevent an abuse of power. Based on the writings of Montesquieu, each branch has defined powers as well as the ability to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was called separation of powers. In the U.S., we have adopted this philosophy by creating three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Chapter 3: The Constitution Key Terms & Principles Checks & Balances – each branch has the power to check and balance the operations and power of the other two branches. Federalism – sharing of power between national & state/local levels of government Enumerated Powers (Federal Powers) – powers exclusively belonging to the federal government (print money, declare war, make treaties) Reserved Powers (State Powers) – powers exclusively belonging to state government (issue licenses, regulate commerce within a state) Concurrent Powers (Shared Powers) – powers shared by both federal and state governments (tax, build roads, borrow money, creating courts)

Chapter 3: The Constitution Key Terms & Principles Federalists – nationalists, favored strong national government Antifederalists - “states’ righters,” favored weaker national government Bill of Rights – 1st 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution that contain the core liberties and protections from government. Habeas Corpus – a judicial order to produce an arrested person before a judge Bill of Attainder – A law that declares a person, without trial, guilty of a crime. Ex Post Facto – A law that makes an act criminal although it was legal at the time it was committed.

Chapter 3: The U.S. Constitution Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Structure of the Constitution Article I – Legislative Branch Article II – Executive Branch Article III – Judicial Branch Article IV – Relations Among the States, Purpose for Constitution Article V – Amending Article VI – National Debts, Supremacy of Federal Law Article VII – Ratification Procedure Amendments – 1 through 27 Assignment: Refer to pp. 68-75 when completing the handout distributed. U.S. CONSTITUTION Separation of Powers Federalism Judicial Review Checks and Balances

Personal assessment Level (PAL): What Are Checks & Balances in Government? Level 4 - I got this & can explain it to a classmate! I can define checks and balances and give an example for each branch as they exercise the ability to check the other two branches. Level 3 - I understand, but still not confident. I can define checks and balances and can think of a few examples, but am not sure if my examples are correct. Level 2 - I’m getting there, but need more clarification. I can define checks and balances, but am unsure of an example for each branch of government. Level 1 - I need help! I don’t know what we are doing right now.

Personal assessment Level (PAL): Can you distinguish among federal powers, state powers, & concurrent powers? Level 4 - I got this & can explain it to a classmate! I can define federal, state, and concurrent powers and give an example for each level of governmental power asserted. Level 3 - I understand, but still not confident. I can define all three types of powers and can think of a few examples, but am not sure if my examples are correct. Level 2 - I’m getting there, but need more clarification. I can define one or more of the powers, but cannot think of any examples. Level 1 - I need help! I don’t know what we are doing right now.

Proposed Amendment Activity Since the signing of the U.S. Constitution, there have been over 10,000 proposed amendments. Only 27 have made it. Are there any proposed amendments that you think that should be part of the U.S. Constitution? Some proposals include: ban on abortions, legalize marijuana, lower voting age to 16, limit president to one 6 year term, make Puerto Rico a state, ban the death penalty, & allow foreign born citizens to run for president. Assignment: In your assigned groups, discuss possible amendment proposals, select and describe one, then list two arguments in favor and two against it becoming the 28th Amendment. Turn in when completed. The U.S. Constitution, September 17, 1787. Bill of Rights, September 25, 1789.