System for waste management and Extended Producer’s Responsibility This project is funded by the European Union Twinning Project INTRODUCTION OF A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) IN UKRAINE System for waste management and Extended Producer’s Responsibility 28-29 April 2016, Kiev, Ukraine

1. System for waste management 2. Current situation 3. Why EPR? Main topics of presentation 1. System for waste management 2. Current situation 3. Why EPR? 4. Main principles of EPR

Objective of waste management system Objective of System for management of waste is: To control Collect Re-process: depollution, recycling, re-use, recovery Dispose In an economic way consistent with public health and environment protection

Waste management system Set of rules introducing duties at: Institutional level - responsible authority, legal base, permits, data management, monitoring and control Business level – economic operators dealing with storage, collection, transport, depollution, recycling, recovery which has to comply with technical standards which is proven by licensing conditions and has to report data to the NSI and environment authority Regional and local authorities Citizens

Waste management system – current situation Institutional level: Responsible authority – new Waste Management law Legal base – need to be adapted to association agreement Permits – new system is in a process of adoption Data management system - reporting of environmental information is under development Inspection undertakes control actions, but needs more specific legal background Business level – infrastructure partly exists but economic operators need to improve technical and environmental performance, need of standards for collection and treatment Regional and local authorities – clear obligations, new legislation under development Citizens – access to WM data, “pay as you throw”

Waste management system for WEEE and waste batteries General rules of waste management legislation- permit and control for WEEE and waste batteries Specific rules for waste management – sub- legislation with targets, technical standards for operation, reports and monitoring New participants– producers, distributors and importers with specific obligations EPR system has to be fitted in the general waste management system and new operational and financial obligations

Extended Producer Responsibility History Concept developed by Thomas Lindhqvist in 1990 in Sweden. Main aims: to support municipalities in municipal waste management involving a shift of responsibilities from government or municipality to producers and importers of products encouraging producers to design, manufacture and sell their product taking environmental considerations into account Later development: different industries took obligations to produce easily recyclable products and to take care on waste from their products- EoLV, WEEE, Batteries

Benefits – improvement of quality of life and clean environment Less landfilled waste, higher recycling rates Funding for collection and treatment of certain hazardous waste - luminescent tubes, fridges, computers Active role of business in collection/recycling - new business and jobs opportunities/employment Lower municipal waste management fees Better affordability of recycling for the population

Guiding principles and recommendations Shared responsibilities Full net cost coverage Fair competition Transparency Harmonized reporting

The shared responsibilities principle Define The roles and responsibilities of: producers of products placing goods on the market of the Union, organisations acting on their behalf for implementing extended producer responsibility local authorities and/or private operators for collection and treatment, recognised preparation for re-use operators; For implementation: measurable waste management targets for collection and treatment system for reporting which gather data on the products placed on the market and data on collection and treatment of waste. equal treatment and non-discrimination between producers of products and with regards to small and medium-size enterprises reporting

“SYSTEMS of producers” Producers / importers MINISTRY OF ENVIRON - MENT Distributors-retailers Logistics (Collection and transport) Information campaign and administration Treatment operators and transport for treatment abroad Munici palities Private collectors from household “SYSTEMS of producers” Authorized private legal entities Transfer obligation Financial contribution Commitment to collect and treat Authorization Total costs are covered Private collectors from bussines

The full cost coverage principle Cover the entire cost of waste management of waste from the products puts on the market, including: costs of separate collection, sorting and treatment operations required to meet the waste management targets and taking into account the revenues from re-use or sales of secondary raw material from their products; costs of providing adequate information to waste holders; costs of data gathering and reporting modulated on the basis of the real end-of-life cost of individual products or groups of similar products, taking into account their specific re-usability and recyclability;

Financial contributions paid by the producer – cost factors Population density (collection costs , which generally represent an important share of net costs, will increase with low population density; Historical development - first high investments, and therefore high costs, to reach economies of scale, lower contributions from producers once this implementation period is over; Value of secondary materials on the national market; this can be influenced both by the demand in secondary raw materials, and through the development of a recycling industry providing high quality materials; Awareness of citizens about the existence of separate collection schemes as well as their willingness to participate in collection schemes. Investing in communication can be a factor of success for EPR schemes; Existence of other waste policy instruments (e.g. landfill and/or incineration taxes, pays-as-you-throw schemes, deposit-refund schemes, etc.), which may be complementary to EPR and increase the efficiency of the whole waste management system

Fair competition principle Competition at the level Producer’s Responsibilities Organisations (PRO) Competition at the level collection and treatment operators, economy of scale Examples: In Switzerland there is only one recycling plant in the country. Regarding collection, competition is not about prices but rather about the ability to provide services. In the Netherlands, it is the same: there is competition between the waste management companies which pick-up the collected batteries and transport them to the sorting plant. However, there is a single sorting plant, contracted by Stibat. Sorted batteries are then forwarded to different battery treatment plants (in the Netherlands or in France, Germany, Belgium, etc.). In France, competition does exist between service providers (collectors, treatment) through calls for tenders to deliver services for the PRO.

Harmonized monitoring principle Effective monitoring which proves that the producers are implementing their extended producer responsibility obligations, and the financial means are properly used all actors involved in the implementation of the scheme report Independent authority to oversee the implementation of extended producer responsibility obligations: Control of objective results from collection and treatment – on line verification of material flows Control of documents without verification is not enough effective and paper documents can be easily manipulated and faked

Transparency principle Platform for regular dialogue between the stakeholders involved in the implementation of extended producer responsibility, including: private or public waste operators, local authorities, citizens recognised preparation for re-use operators. Good examples: In France: A consultation committee includes all involved stakeholders (producers, retailers, PROs, local authorities, consumers, and environmental NGOs). In Ireland: a WEEE working group was set up to guide and coordinate local authorities in their enforcement of producer responsibility initiatives by providing consistent enforcement throughout the country and a forum for information exchange.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! This project is funded by the European Union THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Questions for discussion? Maria Krasteva Maria.Krasteva@umweltbundesamt.at Mikhail Asenov Mihail.Asenov@umweltbundesamt.at