PGT(CS) ,KV JHAGRAKHAND CHAPTER:13 Introduction to MySQL Prepared By : VINAY ALEXANDER (विनय अलेक्सजेंड़र) PGT(CS) ,KV JHAGRAKHAND

Introduction MySQL is an open source, free and powerful Relational Database Management System (DBMS) that uses SQL. It was developed by Michael Widenius and AKA Monty. It was named after Monty’s daughter My. The logo of MySQL – the dolphin, is named as Sakila. It is a fast, reliable, scalable alternative to many of the commercial RDBMS. MySQL is created and distributed by MySQL AB, a company based in Sweden, now part of the Sun Microsystems. It can be freely downloaded from www.mysql.org

An Overview of SQL SQL SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is the most commonly used relational database language today. SQL works with a variety of different fourth-generation (4GL) programming languages, such as Visual Basic, java etc. In your opening, establish the relevancy of the topic to the audience. Give a brief preview of the presentation and establish value for the listeners. Take into account your audience’s interest and expertise in the topic when choosing your vocabulary, examples, and illustrations. Focus on the importance of the topic to your audience, and you will have more attentive listeners. 3

we need an interface to the data Why a query language? Given some data, how should users and computer programs communicate with it? Some genius came up with the idea fo a query language we need an interface to the data 5

Server: The server listens for client requests coming in over the network and accesses database contents according to those requests and provides that to the clients. Clients: It is a programs that connect to the database server and issue queriws in a pre-specified format. Key features of MySQL Speed: It if faster than most of the commercial RDBMSs like Oracle, MS SQL Server. Free of Cost: It is available free of cost as Open Source database. It is part of LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/ Perl/ Python) Portability: It can be installed and run on different types of Hardware and Operating System platform.

Security: It offers privilege and password system for authorization. Connectivity: It may connect various types of client using different protocols. Ease of Use: It is simple database system and offers an interactive environment to work. Query Language: It uses SQL (Structured Query Language) as query language, which is standardized by ANSI.

MySQL & SQL In order to access data from MySQL database, all program and user must use SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL is a set of commands that are recognized by all the RDBMSs and has become a standard. SQL is a language that enables you to create and manage a relational database, in which all the information are kept in tables. There are numerous version of SQL. The original version was developed at IBM’s San Jose Research Laboratory with a name of Sequal, as a part of System R project in 1970s. It was standardized by ANSI in 1986 by the name of SQL.

Catalog: A set of schemas that constitute the description of a database. Schema: The structure that contains descriptions of objects created by a user (base tables, views, constraints) Features of SQL- Capabilities The processing capabilities of SQL are followings- Data Definition Language (DDL): The SQL DDL provides commands to create, alter and delete database schema objects like table, views, index etc.[ Interactive Data Manipulation Language (DML): These commands are used to insert, delete, update and retrieve the stored records from the table. Embedded Data Manipulation Language: The SQL DML command can be executed or used in General Programming Languages like Pascal, C,C++ and JAVA etc.

View Definition: The SQL DDL command also used to create Views for simplicity and privacy. Authorization: The SQL DDL command also used for specifying access rights to the Relations (Table) and Views. Integrity: Various data validation rules (Integrity constraints) can also implemented by SQL to insure correctness of data. Transaction control: SQL includes commands for specifying the beginning and ending of transactions along with commands to have a control over a transaction processing.

Types of SQL Commands The commands of SQL can be categorized in the followings- Data definition language(DDL): A database scheme is specified by a set of definition which are expressed by a special language called a data definition language (DDL). The result of compilation of DDL statements is a set of tables which are stored in a special file called Data dictionary (or dictionary). i.e. A data dictionary is a file that contains “Metadata” i.e. , “data about data” Data Definition Language (DDL): These SQL commands are used to create, alter and delete database objects like table, views, index etc. Example of DDL Command: CREATE TABLE, CREATE VIEW, CREATE INDEX, ALTER TABLE, ALTER INDEX, DROP TABLE, ALTER INDEX , DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE.

Data Manipulation Language (DML):It is a language that enables user to access or manipulate data as organized by the appropriate data model. =>By data manipulation, we mean 1.the retrieval of information stored in the database 2.the insertion of new information into the database 3.The deletion of information from the database 4.the modification of data stored in the database

=>The DML are basically of two types: 1.Procedure DML required a user to specify what data is needed and how to get it. 2. Non-procedure DMLs required a user to specify what data is needed without specifying how to get it. =>DML commands are used to insert, delete, update and retrieve the stored records from the table. SELECT, INSERT INTO, DELETE, UPDATE, SELECT, LOCK …. etc.

Transaction Control Language (TCL): These commands are used to control the transaction. COMMIT: It makes all the changes made by statements issued, permanent. ROLLBACK: It undoes all changes since the beginning of a transaction or since a save point. SAVEPOINT: It makes a point upto which all earlier statements have been successfully completed and if required-in case of failure- one may undo the changes.i.e., rollback upto up to this very point SET TRANSACTION: It establishes properties for the current transactions.

=>Data Control Language (DCL): These commands are used to manipulate permissions or access rights to the tables etc. GRANT.. , REVOKE.