Oracle & SQL Introduction

Database Design Revision Steps in building a database for an application: Analysis: Understand real-world domain being captured. Design: Specify it using a database conceptual model (ER). Translate specification to model of DBMS (Relational). Implementation (using DBMS): Create schema using DBMS commands (DDL). Load data (DML).

Relational Database A relational database is a DB that stores the data in the form of tables/relations with rows and columns. Every table shares at least one column with another table (Relationships). A table/Relation is the category of data, like Staff. The columns are information about the category (Attributes), like name or address and the rows are the actual data or records.

Oracle Oracle is a powerful relational database management system (RDBMS) that offers a large feature set. Oracle is widely regarded as one of the popular full-featured database systems on the market today. In almost all relational databases, data is accessed through Structured Query Language (SQL), and Oracle is one of them. SQL is nonprocedural language that represents a combination of DDL and DML.

Data Definition Language (DDL) DDL is a descriptive language for defining the database schema. Some of the main SQL-DDL commands are: CREATE TABLE ALTER TABLE DROP TABLE

Data Manipulation Language (DML) DML is a language for retrieving and updating (insert, delete, & modify) the data in the DB. The main SQL-DML commands are: SELECT INSERT INTO UPDATE DELETE FROM

Simple Queries Syntax: Staff SELECT { * | column | column_expression [,…] } FROM table_name; Staff

Simple Queries Retrieve all columns & rows Example: Retrieve all staff information. SELECT StaffNo, Fname, Lname, position, sex, DOB, Salary, BrnNo FROM staff; OR SELECT *

Simple Queries Retrieve specific columns & all rows Example: List salaries of all staff, showing only the staff number, the full and last name, and salary. SELECT StaffNo, Fname, Lname, Salary FROM staff;

Simple Queries Row selection (WHERE clause) Syntax: SELECT { * | column | column_expression [,…] } FROM table_name WHERE condition; Comparison operators: = , <, >, <=, >=, <>

Simple Queries Row selection (WHERE clause) Example: List all staff with a salary greater than 10,000. SELECT sno, fname, lname, salary FROM staff WHERE salary > 10000;

Oracle 11g (SQL Developer) Demo

Connection name: global User name: Sserial-number_section-number ex: S1_25486 Password: Sserial-number_section-number Hostname: 10.6.14.101 Servicename: global11g