Prologue “Antiquity”.

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Presentation transcript:

Prologue “Antiquity”

What is Antiquity? Timeline in book Biblical = Middle East (c. 1,000 BCE – 0) - scattered OT references, Psalms, etc. - highly speculative Greece (c. 800 – 200 BCE) - beginnings of “Western Civilization” - descriptive writings & iconography Rome (c. 200 BCE – 476 CE) - mostly borrowed from Greeks

Ancient Greek Music Only about 45 fragments of actual music Iconography more extensive (but….not always precise/complete) Writings - Descriptive (events, objects, etc.) - Philosophical (why it matters, how to use it) - Theoretical (scientific explanations) NO actual instruments, NO precise notation, and thus, NO definitive sounding music

Greek Vase w/ Musicians

Another Greek Vase

Greek Music (overview) Repertoires of vocal and instrumental music - often intended for specific functions Used in drama (often sung by chorus) Used in rituals (civic and religious) - “singing” as a competitive event All (?) music was: - Monophonic - possibly accompanied (very simply) Vocal music superior to instrumental

Greek Music Theory More “scientific” description than practical Pitch system based in tetrachords (4-note scale) Intervals determine “genus” (pl. “genera”) Tetrachords combined to create “tonus” (pl. “tonoi”) Named after geographic regions: Dorian, Ionian, Phrygian, Lydian, etc.)

MUH 3211 - Music History I Music in Greek Culture 5/27/2018 Music (intervals/ratios) determined by number - Pythagoras discovered Quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy (all numbers) “Harmony of the Spheres” (inaudible) Music moves the spirit/soul = Doctrine of Ethos Aristotle & Plato - state is obligated to teach a balance of gymnastics and music (only good) Abstract study superior to practical music-making DAY 2 (28 Aug 17)

Epitaph of Seikolos (Listening 1) Ancient Greece: Song of Seikilos

Part I : The Medieval Era “Prelude”

“medieval” Antiquity Medieval Era Modern Era Literally, “between the ages” Q? : Which ages? Antiquity Ends 476 CE Medieval Era “Middle Ages” “Dark Ages” c. 450-1450 Modern Era “Renaissance” c. 1400s (& beyond) See Timeline in Part One: Prelude

The Middle Ages (politics) 476 – Fall of (Western) Roman Empire 800 – Charlemagne crowned king of Holy Roman Empire by Pope Leo III Gaul becomes Carolingian Empire and eventually France by late Middle Ages (Hundred Years’ War, 1337-1415) England unified as Nation-state (post 1066, Norman Conquest) Numerous lesser political entities

The Middle Ages (social classes) MUH 3211 - Music History I The Middle Ages (social classes) 5/27/2018 Priesthood (Clergy) – “those who prayed” - often monastic, as well as parish priests Nobility – “those who fought” including hereditary rulers (royalty) Commoners – “those who worked” - peasantry (serfs) – laborers in the fields (Feudalism) - bourgeoise – merchants, tradesmen, etc. (urban “middle class” – very small group) DAY 2 (28 Aug 17)