2.1 The Nature of Matter LT: Today I will… Identify the three subatomic particles found in atoms Describe the two main types of chemical bonds   Word Atom Nucleus Electron Proton Element Compound Ionic bond Covalent bond Valence electrons Entry Task: grab a text book and a copy of the people search from the front of the room.

FQ: What are atoms and what are they made of? ET: take out your vocabulary flipper from Friday. Review all the terms.

Atoms: Smallest building blocks of matter Atoms are the building blocks of elements. They are made of 3 sub-atomic particles Protons Neutrons Electrons

Sub-Atomic Particles

Elements and Compounds Pure substances composed of only one type of atom Compounds Pure substances composed of two or more elements, chemically combined, in a set ratio/proportion.

Valence Electrons Electrons located in an atoms outermost “shell” that are used to bond with other atoms Bonds can be with atoms of the same element like O2 or can be with other elements like CO2

Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds: Give or take electrons

Chemical Bonds Covalent bonds share electrons

EXIT TICKET Draw a basic atom and include the following The 3 different sub-atomic particles The charges next to those particles Note: the number of each does not matter

Homework Read section 2.3 Take notes on the following What is a… Protein Carbohydrate Lipid Nucleic acid

Friday 11/11 - 2.2 Properties of Water LT: Today I will… Explain polarity Explain what makes a water molecule polar ET: What is responsible for the making and breaking of chemical bonds? Please explain your answer Your POGIL is your notes for this section and should be in your notebook

2.3 – Carbon (organic) Compounds ET: What elements does carbon bond with that make up life’s molecules? Lt: Today I will… Describe the unique qualities of carbon Describe the structures and functions of each of the four groups of macromolecules

Why Carbon? 4 valence electrons – easily forms covalent bonds with other elements Bonds with other carbons Can form large complex structures

Macromolecules (large molecules) Monomers – smaller units that, when linked together, form larger molecules (macro). Polymers – a macromolecule formed from linked monomers The monomers may be identical or they may be different

Carbohydrates The main source of energy for living things Monomer: Monosaccharide ex. Glucose Polymer: Polysaccharide ex. Starch

Lipids Store energy, biological membranes, waterproof coverings Monomers: Glycerol and Fatty acids Polymers: Triglycerides Saturated VS. Unsaturated Fats Lipids

Nucleic Acids Store and transmit hereditary, or genetic, information (DNA). Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: DNA

Proteins Proteins control the rates of reactions, regulate cell processes, and transport substances into or out of the cell Ex. Enzymes are proteins that do “stuff” Monomer: Amino Acids Polymers: Polypeptides (peptide bonds)

In your body…

Enzymes and Chemical reactions ET: Get your conclusions out and be prepared to share them. Write down the following words and leave room to add definitions in your notes Activation energy Reactant Product Enzyme Substrate LT: Today I will Explain why enzymes are important to living things Identify the parts of a chemical reaction Explain what chemical reactions do

Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions by reducing the energy needed to start the reaction. (lower the activation energy) Catalyst

Enzyme/Temperature Lab Will work with a bin at table groups *except hot plate groups Clean up: rinse out graduated cylinders in the sink Safety: goggles

Quiz Tomorrow on organic compounds and enzymes Enzyme Structure Quiz Tomorrow on organic compounds and enzymes

Chemical Reactions Produce new substances by rearranging atoms Parts of a chemical reaction = Reactants and Products NA + Cl NaCl Sugar + flour + eggs

Homeostasis Maintaining a constant internal environment How does your body do this? It uses a process called FEEDBACK 2 types of feedback are Negative – works to maintain a baseline level ex. Your every day stuff like maintaining temperature Positive – works to push way passed a baseline level ex. Rarer events like child birth

Lab Question: At what temperature does the enzyme catalase work best? The reaction Why? Our cells produce a lot of this when they are carryout regular cellular function as a waste product so we have to get rid of it