1. Sound: Qualities of sound 1.1. How it is produced 1.2. How it propagates 1.3. How we hear 2. Silence 2.1. Silence in music: rest 3. Qualities of sound 4. Alternative graphic notation 4.1. Pitch symbols 4.2. Duration symbols 4.3. Intensity symbols 4.4. Timbre symbols Index of the book

Sound 1.1. How it is produced Sound is produced when an object vibrates and that movement travels through sound waves until it reaches our ears.

Sound Sound propagates at high speeds. 1.2. How it propagates Sound propagates at high speeds. The waves travel through the air. When sound waves find an obstacle on their way: They are reflected or bounced back in the opposite direction of the sound source.

Sound Sounds are picked up by the eardrum. 1.3. How we hear Sounds are picked up by the eardrum. Sound waves hit the eardrum and make it vibrate. The eardrum’s vibrations are turned into nerve impulses. They transmit the information to the brain.

Silence in music Silence Silence is the absence of sound or noise. 2.1. Silence in music: rest Silence is the absence of sound or noise. There isn’t such thing as absolute silence. It is something relative, «The blank space of music». It is the indispensible previous condition to enjoy Music. Silence in music It serves as a break, to catch one’s breath. It is a resource of great expressive energy.

Qualities of sound Sound is the element with which we create music. Study of the qualities of sound and how to organize them. Language of music

Alternative graphic notation We use musical notation to represent the different working possibilities of sound; for creating it, as well as performing and preserving it. Along with conventional notation, some alternative symbols are used too. They are capable of meeting the needs of contemporary music and its new sounds in a more expressive and free way.

Alternative graphic notation 4.1. Pitch symbols High sounds PITCH Low sounds

Alternative graphic notation 4.2. Duration symbols DURATION Long sounds Short sounds

Alternative graphic notation 4.3. Intensity symbols Loud sounds INTENSITY Short sounds Gradual or progressive intensity changes Change the thickness of the stroke or the color intensity

Alternative graphic notation 4.4. Timbre symbols TIMBRE

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