PKS-101 2.00 Credit Hours, Spring 2014, Undergraduate Program Course: PAKISTAN STUDIES PKS-101 2.00 Credit Hours, Spring 2014, Undergraduate Program Zainab Butt SESSION 1 © www.uogsialkot.edu

IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN LECTURE NO 1

IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN CONCEPT OF IDEOLOGY. HOW IDEOLOGY EMERGES. IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGY BASIS OF PAKISTAN IDEOLOGY IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN AND SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN.

IDEOLOGY? The term ideology is a complex phenomena in the study of social sciences French philosopher Destull de Tracy used the word “ideologie” and defined it as “Science of ideas” Karl Marx defined Ideology as “Ideas of the ruling” The ideologies deal with idea or abstract speculations and are a systematic set of arguments and beliefs used to justify an existing or desired social order. A political ideology is a system of beliefs that explain and justifies a preferred political order either existing or proposed and offers a strategy for its attainment.

NATION-NATIONALISM NATION has common culture, language, history, sympathies, civilization, religion, heroes, regional loyalty, boundaries, territory, class membership and save of identity.

HOW IDEOLOGY EMERGES? Due to rejection of social position of any group Ideology emerges in different circumstances. Due to rejection of social position of any group In the time of crisis/Social stress Salvation Inequality Dominance of one group while negating other creeds and casts existing in the same community.

CONTI… “An ideology emerges when people feel strongly that they are being mistreated under an existing order, when their status is threatened by fundamental changes occurring in the society, and when the prevailing ideology no longer satisfies.

IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGY Motivating force for a nation Brings stability and homogeneity in its nation Provides a cement-binding base to the scattered groups of nation Make individuals able to follow a joint line of action Give shape to revolutions Stress on the realization of the idea and on transforming a new society

BASIS OF PAKISTAN IDEOLOGY The ideology of Pakistan was based on Islamic System Reaction against the Hindus and British Exploiting the Muslims of sub-continents Revolt against the Hindu-Nationalism Fact that Muslims were a separate nation having their own culture, civilization, customs , literature etc..

IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN AND SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN Sir Syed viewed that Muslims should have friendship with the British if they want to take their due rights. To achieve this he did a lot to convince the British that Muslims were not against them. On the other hand, he tried his best to convince the Muslims that if they did not befriend the British, they could not achieve their goals.

IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN AND SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN Sir Syed wrote many books and journals to remove the misunderstandings between Muslims and the British. The most significant of his literary works were his pamphlets “Loyal Muhammadan of India” and “Cause of Indian Revolt”. He also wrote a commentary on the Bible, in which he attempted to prove that Islam is the closest religion to Christianity.

IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN AND SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN Sir Syed emphasized the Muslims of his time not to participate in politics unless and until they got modern education. He viewed that Muslims could not succeed in the field of western politics without knowing the system. He also emphasized that Muslims should keep themselves away from the Congress and predicted that the party would prove to be a pure Hindu party in the times to come. By establishing the Muhammadan Educational Conference, he provided Muslims with a platform on which he could discuss their political problems. Sir Syed is known as the founder of Two-Nation Theory in the modern era.

IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN/ TWO NATION THEORY Pakistan- as an ideological State. => Hindu-Muslim (Religious difference). => Muslim Rule 900 years but never in minority. => After independence-majority will be in power. => That is not bearable for Muslims.

DIFFERENCES B/W HINDUS AND MUSLIMS OF SUB-CONTINENT Ideological difference. Religious difference. Socially difference. Culture difference. Language difference. Extremist point of view regarding Muslims. In 1868 first time the term of “Two nation theory” was used by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan which became the basis of Pakistan Moment