Nature vs. Nurture.

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Presentation transcript:

Nature vs. Nurture

Nature and Nurture When both DNA(Nature) and life experience/exposure(nurture) contribute to a phenotype TRAIT NATURE NURTURE Skin color Inherited genes for skin color Sun can darken or redden skin or cause freckles to appear Height BUZZER: Traits influence by both DNA and environment tend to have a wide range of phenotypes

Twins: Is it All in the Genes? How would it be possible to determine how much of a phenotype was controlled by nature and how much by nurture? Twins: Is it All in the Genes? BUZZER: Identical twins develop from one single fertilized egg so they have the same genome. Differences can be due to their environment and not genes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wd5Y3-F79LY Jim twins: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qw3S35wGgT8 Jim Twins

What's your risk activity

Directions to turn a gene on/off EPIGENETICS Epi = above = chemical modifications to the DNA or the histones that don't change the DNA sequence Epigenetic changes turn genes on/off Epigenetic changes are copied with the DNA during cell division GENOME EPIGENOME DNA SEQUENCES Directions to turn a gene on/off

Epigenetic Mechanisms DNA methylation Usually turns genes off CH3 group added to some cytosine nucleotides 2. Histone modification (ex. Acetylation) Turns genes off by causing DNA to wrap more tightly around histone so RNA polymerase cannot get to the gene DNA sequence

http://www. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://upload. wikimedia http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Epigenetic_mechanisms.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics&h=485&w=700&tbnid=6k1j0IBptYW9cM:&zoom=1&docid=o0OZS0cnsofOqM&hl=en&ei=eH0iVbqbMOq1sAS5y4KABA&tbm=isch&ved=0CB0QMygAMAA

REPROGRAMMING In most cases, gametes are wiped clean of epigenetic markers acquired during that parents life - this process is called reprogramming.

Epigenetic Videos Epigenome at a Glance Epigenetics of Identical Twins Lick your rat Epigenetics: Spanish Twins http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/epigenetic-mice.html http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/intro/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/twins/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/rats/ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/epigenetics.html