5 Ws corrections FOR THE BOXES Africa’s history

HENRY THE NAVIGATOR WHO AND/OR WHAT? a prince who sailed down the west coast of Africa, looking for a short cut to India, where he knew he would find gold, gems, spices, and silk.

HENRY THE NAVIGATOR When AND/or where? 1434, WEST COAST OF AFRICA

HENRY THE NAVIGATOR HOW DID HENRY IMPACT AFRICA? HE showed the world that it was easier to sail around the coast of Africa than travel though the SAHARA desert, CAUSING cities and towns To disappear. many African countries became poor. It was SAFER AND CHEAPER to travel AROUND AFRICA by BOAT than by camel.

CAPTAIN DIAS AND VASCO DA GAMA WHO AND/OR WHAT? famous Portuguese explorerS

CAPTAIN DIAS AND VASCO DA GAMA WHEN AND/OR WHERE? Around 1488, Captain Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Ten years later, Vasco da Gama, a famous Portuguese explorer, rounded the Cape of Good Hope and continued on to India.

CAPTAIN DIAS AND VASCO DA GAMA HOW DID THEY IMPACT AFRICA? THE SAME WAY AS HENRY THE NAVIGATOR -showed the world that it was easier to sail around the coast of Africa than travel though the SAHARA desert, CAUSING cities and towns To disappear. many African countries became poor. It was SAFER AND CHEAPER to travel AROUND AFRICA by BOAT than by camel.

“Scramble for Africa”- Who? and/or What? As Europeans were traveling “around” Africa they began to discover the many things that Africa had to offer. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to set up shop and trade posts along the coasts of Africa.

“Scramble for Africa”- WhEN? and/or WhERE? 1885-1914 ALL OVER AFRICA

“Scramble for Africa”- How did the scramble for Africa impact Africa? Europeans only cared about gold, diamonds, and other resources Europeans looked down on African culture and tried to change them Worsened conflicts between ethnic groups (tribes) Created boundaries that promoted and added to conflict between ethnic groups

COLONIALISM Who? and/or What? EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TAKING CONTROL OF AFRICA. COLONIALISM IS WHEN A “MOTHER” COUNTRY TAKES OVER LAND IN ANOTHER COUNTRY AND TURNS IT INTO A “COLONY” TO GET ACCESS TO RAW MATERIALS AND in SOME PLAces they turn the people into slaves.

COLONIALISM When? and/or Where? 1885-1914 ALL OVER AFRICA

COLONIALISM 3 reasons: Economic Interests/Natural Resources – “Gold!” Why did the Europeans want to colonize Africa? 3 reasons: Economic Interests/Natural Resources – “Gold!” Cultural/Religious motives (spreading Christianity) – “God” Political Competition (claiming land) – “Glory!” We call these the 3 g’s

Berlin Conference Who? and/or What? Each European nation wanted the biggest or richest colonies = control of trade To prevent war, the Berlin Conference took place in 1884 Discussed how to divide Africa without consulting Africans By 1912, all of Africa was colonized except for Ethiopia and Liberia

Berlin Conference When? and/or Where? 1884 Berlin, germany

Berlin Conference How did the Berlin conference lead to the partitioning of Africa? The European countries agreed on which one of them gets which country in Africa.

Imperialism- Who? and/or What? Treaties were signed by the African chiefs in which they gave the European company or government the right to keep order (govern) and to take over the land and resources in their area. Thousands of treaties were signed by African rulers giving away most of their rights to the Europeans, but the Africans never really understood these treaties and did not realize what they were giving away.

Imperialism- When? and/or Where? 1885-1914 All over africa

Imperialism- How did imperialism spread? Europeans used bullying and fake promises to force African countries to give up their rights. They had no choice. The Europeans had better weapons.

Nationalism- Who? and/or What? strong belief in one’s country. Freedom; running your own country; not being ruled by someone else; being able to “do what you want.”

Nationalism- When? and/or Where? 1950’S TO 1990’S ALL OVER AFRICA

Nationalism- How many countries are involved in a nationalist movement? ONLY ONE COUNTRY, BUT OTHER COUNTRIES BECOME INSPIRED AND HAVE HOPE. THAT IS HOW NATIONALISM SPREAD OVER AFRICA.

Independence - Who? and/or What? IT IS WHEN A COUNTRY BECOMES FREE OR “INDEPENDENT” FROM ANOTHER COUNTRY.

Independence - When? and/or Where? ALL OVER AFRICA 1950’S – 1990’S

Independence - How did nationalism lead to independence in Kenya? The Mau Mau nationalist group promoted violence against the British . Kenya had a VIOLENT transition to independence.

Civil War - Who? and/or What? Conflicts between different groups within THE SAME country.

Civil War - When? and/or Where? AFRICA 1950’S - TODAY

Civil War - How did colonialism lead to civil war in Africa? WHEN THE EUROPEANS FINALLY GAVE THEM THEIR FREEDOM, THEY TURNED AGAINST EACH OTHER TO DIVIDE UP THE LAND AND GET THE RESOURCES.

Apartheid- Who? and/or What? The South African government tried to completely separate the small number of whites from the black majority.

Apartheid- When? and/or Where? 1948-1993 SOUTH AFRICA

Apartheid- How was Apartheid in South Africa similar to segregation in America? BLACKS AND WHITES WERE NOT ALLOWED TO GO TO THE SAME SCHOOLS, LIVE IN THE SAME NEIGHBORHOODS, USE THE SAME BATHROOMS AND DRINKING FOUNTAINS, OR MARRY OUTSIDE THEIR RACE. LAWS KEPT BLACK PEOPLE FROM GETTING GOOD JOBS OR FROM BEING ELECTED TO CONGRESS. How was it different? IN SOUTH AFRICA, APARTHEID WAS ENFORCED USING GREATER VIOLENCE THAN IN AMERICA

Nelson Mandela - Who? and/or What? BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER WHO WAS IMPRISONED FOR 27 YEARS BECAUSE HE WAS CAUGHT COLLECTING WEAPONS TO HELP BLACK PEOPLE DEFEND THEMSELVES AGAINST WHITE VIOLENCE.

Nelson Mandela - When? and/or Where? 1960’S TO 2000 SOUTH AFRICA

Nelson Mandela - How did Nelson Mandela bring an end to Apartheid? WHILE IN JAIL, MANDELA CHANGED HIS MIND ABOUT VIOLENCE AND BEGAN WRITING LETTERS TO THE SOUTH AFRICAN PEOPLE TO INSPIRE THEM TO PEACEFULLY PROTEST AGAINST RACISM.

F.W. de Klerk - Who? and/or What? president of South Africa, granted the release of Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990. De Klerk also ended the laws against the ANC. De Klerk agreed to end apartheid and spoke for a multi-racial, democratic South Africa. In 1994, Nelson Mandela was the first president to be elected democratically in South Africa. He was also South Africa’s first black president.

F.W. de Klerk - When? and/or Where? 1990’S SOUTH AFRICA

F.W. de Klerk - How did F.W. de Klerk bring an end to Apartheid? HE ENDED THE RACIST LAWS AND RELEASED MANDELA FROM JAIL.

Pan-African Movement- Who? and/or What? Pan Africanism: is the idea of a global African community working for African independence and prosperity.

Pan-African Movement- When? and/or Where? 1950’S – 1990’S AFRICA

Pan-African Movement- What was the outcome of the Pan-African movement? Brought about the end of colonialism in Africa and to the development of the African Union (AU) – the AU works for African unity, peace, human rights, and cooperation among African countries Native Africans felt a bond that helped lead to nearly all African nations becoming free of European rule by the late 1980’s, but it has failed to unite Africa as a continent.