Chapter 2.5 Roots of Judaism

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AIM: How were the Hebrew’s beliefs unique in the ancient world?

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Chapter 2.5 Roots of Judaism Israel lies at western end of Fertile Crescent and eastern end of Mediterranean Sea

Focus Q: Sept. 28 What religions do not eat pork? Why? What is “kosher?” Have you ever heard of the Promised Land? Who was promised what? Who are the Hebrews? Who celebrates Hanukkah? Yom Kippur? Rosh Hashanah? Eid?

Focus Q: Tues. 9/17 List 3 things that you learned about the Hebrews in section 2.5…..or any other source.

Fertile Crescent

Ancient Israel

What is another name for Israelites or Jews? Hebrews

*They were monotheistic, they believed in one God* What was unique about the early religious beliefs of the Israelites compared to other ancient people? *They were monotheistic, they believed in one God*

WHY DO RELIGIONS HAVE SYMBOLS? WHAT PURPOSE DO THEY SERVE? Mezuzah Star of David Menorah Holds Torah verses Attached to door frame symbolize God's rule over the universe in all six directions: north, south, east, west, up and down Holy Book Torah Israel’s flag

What is the Hebrews most sacred? *Torah*: includes the 1st five books of the Hebrew Bible Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy Part of Old Testament Jewish laws and customs: Torah, Hebrew Bible (24 books), Talmud

JUDAISM- major world religion founded by the Hebrews in 1400 B. C JUDAISM- major world religion founded by the Hebrews in 1400 B.C. which became the first monotheistic belief system. (monotheism-ONE GOD) IMPORTANT FIGURES: Abraham- first Hebrew to make a covenant with God; father of monotheism and the Israelites. 2. *Moses- messenger of God (prophet) who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt and was given the Ten Commandments*on Mt. Sinai 3. King David & his son Solomon- created a Jewish empire and built the city of Jerusalem

Jewish fragmentation…… Solomon and the Jews were eventually conquered by stronger powers: Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians. Many Jews left Israel for other parts of the world *This spreading out of the Jewish people is called the DIASPORA.*

Diaspora

*According to Hebrews, what 2 promises did God make to Abraham?* First, God said he would have a special relationship w/ Abraham and his descendants Second, *Canaan would one day belong to the Israelites* This is the “promised land” (exam Q)

Land of Canaan

What is at the heart of Judaism? The 10 Commandments Also, Judaism teaches about law and morality, like many religions.

What 2 issues do the 10 commandments address? Your religious duties towards……… *….God and other people….*

Orthodox, Conservative or Reformed *NOTES* Ten Commandments- law code Torah- holy book Monotheism - 1 God JUDAISM Sabbath- holy day is Saturday Synagogue or temple- house of worship Important days: Hannukah, Passover, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah Kosher food (no pork or shellfish) Orthodox, Conservative or Reformed

Orthodox Jews in Buenos Aires, Argentina Hasidic Jews Orthodox Jews in Buenos Aires, Argentina Reformed Jew at the wailing wall in Jerusalem

Why do you think the US does not discourage any religions including: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam? What possible benefit could they provide to our society?