8 Microbial Genetics

Translation mRNA is translated in codons (three nucleotides) Translation of mRNA begins at the start codon: AUG Translation ends at a stop codon: UAA, UAG, UGA PLAY Animation: Translation Figure 8.2

Translation Figure 8.8

Translation Figure 8.10

Translation Figure 8.9, step 1

Translation Figure 8.9, step 2

Translation Figure 8.9, step 3

Translation Figure 8.9, step 4

Translation Figure 8.9, step 5

Translation Figure 8.9, step 6

Translation Figure 8.9, step 7

Translation Figure 8.9, step 8

Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression Constitutive enzymes are expressed at a fixed rate. Other enzymes are expressed only as needed. Repressible enzymes Inducible enzymes

Operon PLAY Animation: Operons Figure 8.12, step 1

Induction Figure 8.12, step 2a

Induction Figure 8.12, step 3a

Repression Figure 8.12, step 2b

Repression Figure 8.12, step 3b

Regulation of Gene Expression Figure 8.13