A study of Malaria in the flood prone coastal city Surat Dr A study of Malaria in the flood prone coastal city Surat Dr. Vikas Desai1 , Ms. Priyanka Jariwala1, Dr K. G. Vaishnav2 , Dr Hemant Desai2 1 Urban Health and Climate Resilience Centre (UHCRC), Surat, Gujarat , 2Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) E-mail: uhcrcsurat@gmail.com   A. Background C. Findings D. Conclusion Malaria is a life threatening protozoan disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium that is transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It is the leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 years and pregnant women in developing countries. [1,2]. Why is Surat Vulnerable? Temporal Trend of malaria Overall system reforms post 1994 and efficient surveillance system leading to evidence based interventions have shown that under all conducive factors malaria is under control in the city VBDC department has regular malaria monitoring and active surveillance system that has been crucial for effective malaria control in the city. SMC, a progressive Local Self Government has invested in Vector born disease control from its own fund considering the conducive environment, past experience of malaria and its impact on economy of the city Opportunities were best utilized by SMC such as Filaria control unit within SMC which was gradually developed as VBDC unit , capacity building of VBDC unit under urban malaria control project supported by DFID, and public private partnership processed under urban malaria project that is nurtured and sustained by SMC Thus rapid and real time response built on effective surveillance system contributed significantly to transition of Surat city from high risk malaria transmission area to low risk malaria transmission area. One of 20 most climate change affected cities across the globe Location – Situated on the banks of river Tapi and on the coasts of Arabian Sea 4th fastest growing city across the world Occurrence of River and Creek floods 8th largest city of India - population 4.5 million Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) consistently more than 10% and is not influenced by rapid increase in population or city limits. There is a constant declining trend of API from 36.20 in 1990 to 1.88 in 2013 and of SPR from 31.81 in 1990 to 0.71 in 2013. Associated Public health hazards--Plague (1994) Leptospiriosis (2006 & 2013) 57% migrant population (as per report by UNESCO in 2013) Trend of Malaria in the year of flood (2006) Heat-humidity health vulnerability Month 2005-06- Malaria cases (No) 2006-07-Malaria cases (No) June 633 912 July 751 1256 August 1201 2630 September 1639 2997 October 1097 1022 November 643 1139 December 509 858 January 337 511 February 288 352 Poverty in combination with flood hazards and slum dwellers across the city face high flood risks and high potentials for Vector Borne Diseases Objective of the study To carry out the temporal analysis of the Malaria surveillance data from 1988 to 2013 in Surat City. Effect of Climate on malaria transmission B. Methodology E. References 1.) Martens P, Hall L. Malaria on the move: Human population movement and malaria transmission. 2.) Emerg Infect Dis 2000, 6:28–45. Lagerberg RE. Malaria in pregnancy: a literature review. J Midwifery Women’s Health 2008, 53:209215 Temperature Humidity Malaria transmission (Anopheles require 20-30 °C and P Vivax and P Falcifuram require 330 -390C Climatic Indicators 1988-1997 2004-2013 Maximum Temp 32-330C 32-340C Minimum Temp 22-230C 21-230C Humidity 60-64%. 65-70% Retrospective analysis of the of the surveillance data of Vector Borne Disease Control Department – Surat Municipal Corporation from 1988 -2013 Passive Surveillance Data flows from Urban health Centers(42), Sentinel Centers (551), Government Medical College (1), Corporation hospitals (2) Active surveillance Carried out by 400+ health workers regularly at fixed day, fix site with 15 days rotational cycle of home visits