IMMIGRATION IN CANADA: AN INTRODUCTION AN INTRODUCTION TO IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION IN CANADA: AN INTRODUCTION Traditional motives for immigration Modern immigration objectives Different immigrant categories Where do immigrants locate in Canada Canada’s changing population HOW WELL DO IMMGRATION LAWS AND POLICIES RESPOND TO IMMIGRATION ISSUES

WHAT IS IMMIGRATION AND HOW DOES IT WORK IN CANADA The process of people establishing homes, and often citizenship, in a country that is not their native country Traditional objectives of immigration To recruit settlers to Western Canada as part of the National Policy which had three goals: promotion of Canadian Industry, finish the national railway, and settle the west Often policies are not equal. The National Policy targeted English speaking immigrants from Britain, the USA and other parts of Europe, but not from French speaking countries like Belgium or Switzerland

GO WEST YOUNG MAN: IMMIGRATION RECRUITMENT POSTERS

THERE HAVE BEEN PERIODS OF DISCRIMINATION IN OUR POLICY the means used to keep members of visible minorities out of Canada: The Chinese: Head Taxes are imposed (by 1903, the head-tax was set at $500 "Indians": "Continuous Journey" regulation was implemented (1908); see the Komagata Maru Incident (1914); Blacks: Health Regulations were used - they were deemed "unsuited to Canada" by virtue of the climate of Canada; Japanese: Internment and relocation in World War II; deportation of many at the end of the War.

MODERN IMMIGRATION OBJECTIVES Pursue social, economic and cultural benefits for all Respect the bilingual and multicultural character of Canada Support the development of minority official languages communities in Canada Reunite families in Canada Promote the successful integration of immigrants into Canadian society

WHAT DIFFERENT IMMIGRANT CATEGORIES Economic Immigrants 55% skilled workers and business people Family Class 28% spouses, partners, children, parents and grandparents of people living in Canada Refugee Class 13% people who are escaping persecution, torture or cruel and unusual punishment Other 4% people accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons

WHERE DO IMMIGRANTS IN CANADA LOCATE Most immigrants to Canada come to four provinces Ontario, Quebec, BC and Alberta Immigration was slightly higher in 2006 than 2007 75% go to the Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal areas

HOW DOES IMMIGRATION IMPACT THE WORKFORCE? One of the reasons for current high levels of immigration is due to demographics Demographics is the study of populations and population patterns According to Statistics Canada, between 2025-2030 Canada’s population will level off as the number of deaths and births will be equal http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/051215/dq051215b-eng.htm

HOW DOES IMMIGRATION IMPACT THE WORKFORCE? Labour force growth is a growth in the number of people who can work Between 2011-2016 the number of Canadians entering the labour force will equal the number of Canadians retiring At that point without immigration, Canada’s labour force will shrink http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/080414/dq080414c-eng.htm