Deep in the Heart of Texas © Mark Batik Jesuit College Prep
Creation of Mexico 1821, Spain withdraws from Mexico Held two areas of interest: California and Texas
California By 1833, almost all Native Americans were wiped out Ranchero system switched control from Fransciscans to settlers in 1833 By 1846 there were 800 Americans in CA Numero Uno reason why California was desirable was NOT gold but its deep harbors
Texas By 1830 there were 20,000 whites in TX Mexico needed settlers They Took an oath of allegiance to Mexico Became Catholic Brought slaves with them Slavery was outlawed in TX but practiced and allowed in Mexico but not practiced
Texas Revolution By 1835, American-Texans outnumber Mexican-Texans Santa Anna enforces rules against slavery and in 1830 halted white immigration In 1835, American-Texans revolt Alamo and San Jacinto Treaty of Velasco 1836 ends the war and establishes the Republic of Texas (Lone Star Republic)
Annexation? Wanted to be annexed in 1830s but domestic politics prevented it TX constitution has open invitation but Jackson does nothing and Van Buren does nothing One more slave state Abolitionist outrage Van Buren might be hurt in the election
Behind the Scenes Jackson recognizes the existence of TX on the last day of his presidency In 1843, the US starts secret negotiations with TX Calhoun again: Sends a letter to a British minister about abolition An attempted treaty of annexation is rejected Afraid of sectionalism Afraid of war with Mexico
Election of 1844
Election of 1844 Polk runs on a platform of Manifest Destiny Clay runs Re-occupation of Oregon and the re-annexation of Texas Clay runs Polk elected and the lame duck Tyler sees the election as a mandate for Texas Annexation Push a Joint Resolution 27-25 in Senate 120-98 in House March 1, Tyler signs it, in October, Texas ratifies this and enters the Union in December
Oregon 54º 40’ or Fight!! All of Oregon or none British refuse to compromise because of Vancouver Island 1845 Polk asks for permission to give the British a year The Brits aren’t interested in a fight and in 1846 they submit a treaty 49º less Vancouver Island
War With Mexico Mexico anger over TX US motivated (captivated) by California US pushes troops up to the border In May 1846, Polk asks for war after Mexico shoots
More War California Annexed in 1846 Fremont and men move into Sacramento Valley June 14, 1845 declare California independent Bear Flag Republic Annexed in 1846
Santa Anna Leaves office in 1844 From Cuba, he makes an agreement of money for territory and an end to the war 1846, he’s allowed back into Mexico only to see him take over the battling
End of war By 1847, Mexico City was occupied Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Mexico gives up claims to TX Cedes CA and NM to the US US pays 15 million and assumes claims (if people had a claim against the Mexican government, now they had a claim against the US government)