ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

What Is ATP? Energy used by all Cells Adenosine Triphosphate Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

Chemical Structure of ATP Adenine Base 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP

When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

Why do Cellular Respiration? To release the energy stored in glucose!

Question: In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?

Plants and Animals Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers. Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers.

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 YIELDS 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy (ATP)

Cellular Respiration Requires Oxygen (Aerobic Process) Breaks down glucose Produces carbon dioxide and water Gives off energy!! (38 ATP)

What Organelle is Associated with Cellular Respiration?

Review of Mitochondria Structure Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle The Electron Transport Chain

Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? Glycolysis In cytoplasm Doesn’t require oxygen (anaerobic) Produces 2ATP The Krebs Cycle In mitochondria matrix Produces 2 ATP The Electron Transport Chain In mitochondria across cristae Produces 24 ATP

Diagram of the Process Occurs across Cristae Occurs in Cytoplasm Occurs in Matrix

Adding Up the ATP Cytosol Mitochondrion Glycolysis 2 Acetyl- CoA 2 Pyruvic acid Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Glucose Maximum per glucose: by direct synthesis by ATP synthase by direct synthesis 18 Figure 6.14 18

Fermentation Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic process) Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) Nets only 2 ATP

Lactic Acid Fermentation Can occur in your muscle cells How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) Lactic Acid is produced (makes muscles tired) Only makes 2 ATP!

Alcoholic Fermentation Happens in yeast – how they get ATP! How glucose is broken down when O2 is NOT present (anaerobic process) Produces CO2 and Ethanol Only makes 2 ATP! How bread is made! How beer and wine are made!

FEELING THE “BURN” When you exercise: Muscles need energy in order to perform work Your cells use oxygen to release energy from the sugar glucose Both aerobic and anaerobic burning of glucose can take place in your cells 22 22

Aerobic & Anaerobic Metabolism Aerobic metabolism - When enough oxygen reaches cells to support energy needs - Maximum energy production (38 ATP) Anaerobic metabolism When the demand for oxygen outstrips the body’s ability to deliver it Low energy production (2 ATP) 23 23

Anaerobic Metabolism Without enough oxygen, muscle cells break down glucose to produce lactic acid Lactic acid is associated with the “burn” associated with heavy exercise If too much lactic acid builds up, your muscles give out 24 24

Comparison Respiration Photosynthesis Occurs in all organisms Occurs in only chlorophyll containing organisms Breaks down glucose to release energy Stores light energy as chemical energy in the bonds of glucose Uses glucose and oxygen Uses CO2, H2O, and sunlight Releases carbon dioxide, water, & ATP Produces glucose and oxygen Happens in mitochondria Happens in chloroplast 25 25