Amity Business School Amity School of Business BBAGEN, SEMESTER II ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (BBAHR-10201) Ms. Kushi Sharma.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Advertisements

BTEC National Children’s Play learning and Development: Unit 1Learning aim B: Understand theories and models of development and how they relate to aspects.
Organizational Behavior
Educational Psychology
Chapter 6: Learning. Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to elicit a response. How.
Behavioral Theories Of Learning
Learning & Motivation Dr Jacqui McKechnie. Learning is a relatively permanent change of behaviour or knowledge that occurs as a result of experience.
 “Learning is relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of a prior experience”  “ Learning has taken place if an individual behaves,
Gholipour A Organizational Behavior. University of Tehran.
Lecture 10 CHANGING EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR: LEARNING AND PUNISHMENT.
1 Foundations of Individual Behavior Dr. Fred Mugambi Mwirigi JKUAT.
Lim Sei cK. Introduction Considering individual level variables (Characteristics and Ability) affect on performance and satisfaction.
1 The Learning Perspective: How the Environment Influences Behavior.
Chapter 6 Learning.
 Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of.
Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc Chapter 5 Learning.
Learning Experiments and Concepts.  What is learning?
© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Individual Behavior Chapter TWO.
Chapter 6: Organizational Behavior 261 Gabrielle Durepos Learning in Organizations.
Learning Chapter 5.
I liked to thank W. Huitt & J. Hummel for this wonderful presentation. The following presentation covers classical conditioning. –The learning of behavior.
Unit 3.  In Unit 2, we explored the many ways in which biological processes can influence behavior.  However, as future ABA practitioners, our foremost.
Behavioral Learning Theory : Pavlov, Thorndike & Skinner M. Borland E.P. 500 Dr. Mayton Summer 2007.
LEARNING Learning is any relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience or reinforcement practice. Learning Means 1. There.
UNIT –II Presented By Senthil kumar.N. TODAYS discussion Review of last class Organizational behavior modification Learning theories UNIT II O & B.
Chapter 6 Learning & Conditioning. Discussion Question: What is learning?
Learning Chapter 5 Presentation:Fajr Harris Presenter:Daniel Rodriguez
Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner ( )
Behaviorism Behaviorists believe that psychology should focus on measureable and observable physical behaviors and how these behaviors can be manipulated.
Interactive Topic Test
Learning Chapter 9.
Chapter 5 Learning © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution.
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Foundations of Individual Behavior
PSYCHOLOGY: LEARNING Learning- the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.
Welcome to Jeopardy!.
The Learning Approach (Behaviourism).
o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r
Chapter 6: Learning Ch. 6.
Chapter 6 Learning.
Conditioning: ways in which we learn based upon an association between two events by repeated exposure Classic and Operant.
LEARNING.
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Organizational Behavior: Learning and Behavior Modification
o r g a n i z a t i o n a l b e h a v i o r
Learning and Conditioning
ESSENTIALS OF UNDERSTANDING
Chapter 6.
Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman
Psychology in Action (8e) by Karen Huffman
The Learning Approach (Behaviourism).
Learning Any relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavior potential) produced by experience.
Learning What does it mean to learn something?
Chapter 6: Learning.
Ch. 7: Principles of Learning
Lecture 3 – Organisational Behaviour
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Human Learning.
Operant & Cognitive Approaches
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Classical Conditioning
Foundations of Individual Behaviour
Classical Conditioning
Chapter 7: Learning.
Learning Psychology Unit 3.
Learning Theory SAC Revsion.
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Learning.
Kinds of Learning Module 9 & 10.
Presentation transcript:

Amity Business School Amity School of Business BBAGEN, SEMESTER II ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (BBAHR-10201) Ms. Kushi Sharma

LEARNING Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavior tendency) that occurs as a result of a person’s interaction with the environment. Learning is an important part of knowledge management and influences ability, role perceptions, and motivation in the MARS model of individual performance.

LEARNING Learning is modification of behaviour through practices, training or experience. It is an important component of OB because of its impact on individual behaviour. Learning takes place in various forms: the four models explaining this are: Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning, Cognitive learning and Social learning.

THEORIES OF LEARNING Classical Conditioning A type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response. Key Concepts Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response Conditioned stimulus Conditioned response

The major theorist in the development of classical conditioning is Ivan Pavlov, noble prize winner,a Russian scientist trained in biology and medicine Pavlov was studying the digestive system of dogs and became intrigued with his observation that dogs deprived of food began to salivate when one of his assistants walked into the room. He began to investigate this phenomena and established the laws of classical conditioning.

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING BEFORE CONDITIONING NO RESPONSE BELL UNCONDITIONED STIMULI(US) (FOOD) UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE(UR) (SALIVATION) DURING CONDITIONING CONDITIONED STIMULUS(CS) (BELL) UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS(US) (FOOD) UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE(UR) (SALIVATION) AFTER CONDITIONING CONDITIONED STIMULUS(CS) (BELL) CONDITIONED RESPONSE(CR) (SALIVATION)

Operant Conditioning A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment. Key Concepts Reflexive (unlearned) behavior Conditioned (learned) behavior Reinforcement

Also called instrumental conditioning, refers to the process that our behaviour produces certain consequences and how we behave in the future will depend on what those consequences are. If our actions have pleasant effects,then we will be more likely to repeat them in the future and vice-versa. Thus, according to this theory behaviour is the function of its consequences. It emphasises voluntary behaviours.

OPERANT BEHAVIOUR AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES THE INDIVIDUAL CONSEQUENCES Is paid Meets more people Obtains food Finds/reads a book Receives merit pay BEHAVIOURS Works Talks to others Enters a restaurant Enters a library Increases productivity

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING V/S OPERANT CONDITIONING PROACTIVE:( responses are emitted by a person) CHOICE: ( responses are variable in types and degrees) CS is situation such as office, a social setting, a specific set of circumstances. REACTIVE:(responses are elicited from a person) NO CHOICE:( responses are fixed to stimulus) CS is stimulus such as sound, an object, a person.

Cognitive-Learning Theory People are conscious, active participants in how they learn. (Edward Toleman) Key Concepts Prior learning Behavioural choice Perceived consequence

People use past learning and expereinces as a basis for present behaviour. These experiences represent presumed knowledge or cognitions. For eg. An employee faced with a choice of job transfer will use previous experience in deciding to accept or not the offer. He will recognise the consequences, thus when he accepts the offer when he understands that acceptance will lead to better rewards and experience. Finally, he will choose this learning for future assignments in favour of pleasant outcomes.

COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY FEEDBACK PRIOR LEARNING BEHAVIOURAL CHOICE PERCEIVED CONSEQUENCES COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY

Social-Learning Theory Key Concepts Attentional processes Retention processes Motor reproduction processes Reinforcement processes Social-Learning Theory People can learn through observation and direct experience. The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura proposed that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known as observational learning (or modeling).

Remember what model did Pay attention to model Remember what model did BEHAVIOUR Practise model’s behaviour Motivated to imitate model? SOCIAL LEARNING Imitate Model’s behaviour

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Attentional processes: People learn from a model only when they recognise and pay attention to its critical features. Retention processes: A model’s influence will depend on how well the individual remembers the model’s action after the model is no longer readily available.

Motor- reproduction processes: After a person has seen a new behaviour by observing the model, the watching must be converted into doing. Reinforcement processes: Individuals will be motivated to exhibit the modeled behaviour if positive incentives or rewards are provided. Behaviours that are positively reinforced will be given more attention, learned better and performed more often.

SHAPING BEHAVIOUR Shaping Behavior Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response. Key Concepts Reinforcement is required to change behavior. Some rewards are more effective than others. The timing of reinforcement affects learning speed and permanence.

BEHAVIOUR INCREASES OR IS MAINTAINED POSITIVE REINFORCE--MENT NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT EXTINCTION BEHAVIOUR DECREASES CONSEQUENCE IS REMOVED CONSEQUENCE IS INTRODUCED NO CONSEQUENCE

A reinforcer is any event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows. There are two kinds of reinforcers: Positive reinforcers are favorable events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior. Negative reinforcers involve the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior. In both of these cases of reinforcement, the behavior increases.

Punishment is the presentation of an adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior it follows. There are two kinds of punishment: Positive punishment involves the presentation of an unfavorable event or outcome in order to weaken the response it follows. Negative punishment occurs when an favorable event or outcome is removed after a behavior occurs. In both of these cases of punishment, the behavior decreases.