Figure 2. AFMSCs differentiate into neurons

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Properties of all stem cells Two characteristics define a stem cell: Self Renewal and Differentiation. ES cells can differentiate into all known cell.

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Figure 2. AFMSCs differentiate into neurons Figure 2. AFMSCs differentiate into neurons. ( a ) AFMSCs at the fifth‐passage culture before neuronal induction. ( b ) The cytoplasm of the cells retracts toward the nucleus and forms a rounded cell body after 6 h of pre‐treatment. ( c ) An apparent neuron‐like cell with a long axon‐like process was observed after 4 h of serum‐free induction. ( d ) Typical neuron‐like cell with multiple neurites after 4.5 h of serum‐free induction. ( e ) A neuron‐like cell before staining. ( f ) Positive immunofluorescence stain of TuJ1, a marker for neuronal differentiation. From: Isolation of human multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from second‐trimester amniotic fluid using a novel two‐stage culture protocol Hum Reprod. 2004;19(6):1450-1456. doi:10.1093/humrep/deh279 Hum Reprod | European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 1