Experimental study of the VOC emitted from crude oil tankers

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Presentation transcript:

Experimental study of the VOC emitted from crude oil tankers Maryam Tamaddoni, Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh, Shunji Nario, Mehdi Hajihosseinzadeh, Navid Mostoufi Process Safety and Environmental Protection Volume 92, Issue 6, Pages 929-937 (November 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005 Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Schematic of crude oil loading into marine tankers and VOC emission source during loading operation (Benkert, 1987). Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Gas sampling apparatus. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Sampling locations in the tank. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Schematic of the absorption test equipment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 (a) Hydrocarbon content of gas samples and (b) average concentration of hydrocarbon gas components. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Hydrocarbon gas composition of samples collected from (a) tanks filled with crude oil No. 2 and (b) tanks filled with crude oil No. 1. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Effect of tank condition on hydrocarbon content of emitted gases. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Changes in hydrocarbon content of emitted gases over loading time. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Vaporization of crude oil in (a) tank operating temperatures and (b) operating pressures. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 Changes in hydrocarbon content of gases during absorption experiment. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2014 92, 929-937DOI: (10.1016/j.psep.2013.10.005) Copyright © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers Terms and Conditions