SONOMA COUNTY SONOMA VALLEY A PORTRAIT OF SONOMA COUNTY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014 We are here today to present the findings of A Portrait of Sonoma County, an in-depth look at the health and well-being of our county. The report examines disparities within the County between neighborhoods and along the lines of race, ethnicity, and gender, and provides the County, Cities, businesses, philanthropy and community partners with a roadmap to reducing these disparities and achieving our goal of being the healthiest County in the state. This is a starting point for us to target our planning and intervention development in strategic, efficient and effective ways. Purpose of presentation: Inform the group about the final report Build support for strategic uses of this data to address disparities in our community Start a dialogue on what our individual and collective response will be to the report to create more opportunity and equity COMMISSIONED BY County of Sonoma Department of Health Services SONOMA VALLEY

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The report includes census tract level data to help us really get a sense of what is happening in our communities and uses what is known as the human development approach. Human development is about what ordinary people can do and be in their lives, about opportunities and freedoms to live one’s full potential. The Human Development approach will allow us to: 1. Introduce an addition to GDP for understanding progress and well-being 2. Generate fact-based public dialogue on “apples-to-apples” data using reports, data visualization, online tools and advocacy 3. Help empower people with an instrument to hold decision-makers accountable and to direct interventions to address disparities

HOW IS IT MEASURED? So how is this measured? The report highlights what is referred to as the American Human Development Index. The concept of Human Development is broad and encompasses everything that matters for individuals to live to their full potential. The Index takes into account three big elements of well-being and opportunity – access to a long and healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of living. These are calculated for health using life expectancy, education using educational degree attainment for adults 25 and older and school enrollment for youth ages 3-24, and income using median individual earnings. All three of these areas are weighted equally in the calculations. Together, a total index is calculated per census tract. Each index is shown on a range from 0-10, with 10 being the highest and 0 being the lowest. 3 WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA.ORG/SONOMA

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX TOP: EAST BENNETT VALLEY 8.47 BOTTOM: ROSELAND CREEK 2.79 Within Sonoma County, we find many disparities. While Bennett Valley and Roseland Creek are only about 5 miles apart, the Human Development Index of East Bennett Valley is higher than that of Connecticut, the highest ranking state in the country and the Index of Roseland Creek is well below that of Mississippi, the lowest ranking state on the Index. SONOMA COUNTY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX BY CENSUS TRACT

SONOMA COUNTY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX BY RACE AND ETHNICITY Significant differences exist across racial and ethnic groups. Each group also comes to their overarching Human Development Index by different strengths and challenges. One piece of good news: the gap between the highest- and lowest-ranked racial and ethnic groups is smaller in Sonoma County than in California and nationally.

SONOMA COUNTY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX BY GENDER Likewise, we see big differences when we drill down to gender. Despite women having longer lives and higher educational attainment, women in Sonoma County earn over $8,000 less than their male counterparts.

What does the report tell us about Sonoma Valley? We are here today to present the findings of A Portrait of Sonoma County, an in-depth look at the health and well-being of our county. The report examines disparities within the County between neighborhoods and along the lines of race, ethnicity, and gender, and provides the County, Cities, businesses, philanthropy and community partners with a roadmap to reducing these disparities and achieving our goal of being the healthiest County in the state. This is a starting point for us to target our planning and intervention development in strategic, efficient and effective ways. Purpose of presentation: Inform the group about the final report Build support for strategic uses of this data to address disparities in our community Start a dialogue on what our individual and collective response will be to the report to create more opportunity and equity

SONOMA VALLEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX TOP: Downtown Sonoma 6.95 BOTTOM: Fetters Springs/ Agua Caliente West 3.41 Boyes Hot Springs West/El Verano 5.68 In Sonoma Valley, the top HDI score is in Downtown Sonoma and the bottom is in Fetters Springs/Agua Caliente West (one of bottom 5 in the entire county). Arnold Drive/East Sonoma Mountain- 6.77, Sonoma City South/Vineburg- 6.57, Carneros Sonoma Area- 6.15, Sonoma City North/Mayacamas Mountain- 5.78, Boyes Hot Springs West/El Verano- 5.68, Boyes Hot Springs/Fetters Springs/Agua Caliente East- 5.55, Kenwood/Glen Ellen- 4.95, Fetters Springs/Agua Caliente West- 3.41 (in bottom five). SONOMA VALLEY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX BY CENSUS TRACT

A TALE OF TWO NEIGHBORHOODS Downtown Sonoma Human Development Index: 6.95 Fetters Springs/ Agua Caliente West Human Development Index: 3.41 14.4% Latino 86% school enrollment Median earnings $42,835 53% management occupations High walkability 2.1 average household size 66.4% Latino 68% school enrollment Median earnings $19,444 16% management occupations Lower walkability 4.5 average household size This is not an exhaustive comparison, but shows some important social, economic and environmental influences on HDI scores in these two neighborhoods within the same city. Here is a comparison of Downtown Sonoma and Fetters Springs/Agua Caliente West, with a comparison of poverty levels, walkability, educational and earnings attainment. In Sonoma Valley, even though Fetters Springs/Agua Caliente West has lower educational attainment and lower earnings, residents still have a higher life expectancy. This can be attributed to what’s called the “Latino Paradox.” First generation Latino immigrants have some protective factors such as family cohesiveness and customs around diet. However, after one generation, these protective factors are lost and people take on the life expectancy of their socioeconomic status.

CENTRAL BENNETT VALLEY TOP: CENTRAL BENNETT VALLEY 85.7 yrs. BOTTOM (98th): Downtown Santa Rosa 75.5 yrs. On a county level, our life expectancy data puts us above the average for the entire country and just below that of the state. This confirms we are solidly in the middle across counties in the state. However, when we drill down to smaller geographic units in the county, we see large differences in life expectancy data. Over a decade separates the life expectancies of residents between the highest and lowest census tracts. Highest is Central Bennett Valley and low on the range is Downtown Santa Rosa. (*note: the lowest tract includes the Sonoma Developmental Center, which contributes to the very low life expectancy scores in this tract) County data: LIFE EXPECTANCY BY CENSUS TRACT

LIFE EXPECTANCY IN SONOMA VALLEY Kenwood/Glen Ellen 75.2 yrs Fetters Springs/ Agua Caliente West 81.8 yrs Arnold Drive/ East Sonoma Mountain 82.6 yrs Downtown Sonoma and Sonoma City South/Vineburg 80.4 yrs We’ll now drill down to the three indexes that roll up into Human Development. Starting with health, we see large differences in life expectancy data. Over a decade separates the life expectancies of residents between the highest and lowest census tracts. Highest is Boyes Hot Springs/El Verano West and lowest is in the Kenwood, Glen Ellen area. (*note: the lowest tract includes the Sonoma Developmental Center, which contributes to the very low life expectancy scores in this tract) Boyes Hot Springs West/El Verano 83 yrs LIFE EXPECTANCY IN SONOMA VALLEY BY CENSUS TRACT

TEENAGE SMOKING VARIES WIDELY BY SCHOOL DISTRICT No conversation of health should go without mentioning smoking, which despite recent advancements still remains the #1 cause of preventable deaths in the United State, accounting for roughly half a million deaths each year. Here we see teenage smoking rates by schools district. Smoking rates, particularly among youth, continues to be an area where Sonoma lags behind the state. Sonoma Valley does better than the county average, but it still has rates higher than the state average. Smoking among youth is especially important given 90% of all current smokers started before the age of 18. With the introduction of new nicotine products like e-cigarettes and new forms smokeless tobacco there is a great concern that recent gains in the fight against smoking could be lost to these new products.

Latino Health Paradox Despite having lower levels of income and education, Latinos on average live longer lives than their US counterparts. There are many reasons for this…

ADULT HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION TOP (2ND): EAST BENNETT VALLEY 99.5% County data: ADULT HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION BY CENSUS TRACT This is a map showing disparities in high school completion rates across the county. At the top of the range, almost all adults 25 and older in East Bennett Valley have completed high school, while in Roseland Creek, nearly 50% do not complete high school. On the left is the overarching education index, which takes into account school enrollment and degree attainment, you can see the top and bottom 5 tracts for this index. BOTTOM: ROSELAND CREEK 53.9%

ADULT HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION IN SONOMA VALLEY Kenwood/ Glen Ellen 88.1% Fetters Springs/ Agua Caliente West 64.6% Boyes Hot Springs West/El Verano 74% Downtown Sonoma 95.7% This is a map showing disparities in high school completion rates across the county. In Downtown Sonoma, almost 96% of adults 25 and older have completed high school, while in Fetters Springs/Agua Caliente West, over 35% have not completed high school. ADULT HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION IN SONOMA VALLEY BY CENSUS TRACT

SONOMA VALLEY: EDUCATION DATA 90.3% 9th graders graduate 4 yrs later 89.7% of Latino students (highest in County) 21% of third graders read proficiently (lowest in County) 41% White compared to 7% Latino students 56% of 3-4 year old children enrolled in public or private school Some good news-- Sonoma Valley has one of the best on-time graduation rates in the county, and the percentage of Latino student graduating on-time IS the highest in the county. However, 3rd grade reading proficiency is the lowest in the county, and there is a great disparity between White and Latino students. It will be interesting to see how the enrollment number changes now that Sonoma Valley USD has opened 3 new preschools at Sassarini, El Verano, and Flowery. There is also a principal in charge of preschool and a shared goal to ensure that every child has access to preschool.

A TALE OF TWO SCHOOLS What may be some of the reasons for these differences? Causes of educational attainment go well beyond the school. Here is a Tale of Two schools, comparing Grant Elementary in Petaluma with El Verano Elementary in Sonoma Valley. We can see considerable differences in racial make up of the students. We need to look at the family situation – eight in ten students at El Verano comes from a family with lower economic security and two thirds of these students are English language learners. Although there is considerable and promising work in afterschool programming and educational investments in both schools, there are still concerning trends and disparities in student outcome data.

County data: MEDIAN PERSONAL EARNINGS BY CENSUS TRACT Sonoma County $30,214 TOP (1st): EAST BENNETT VALLEY $68,967 BOTTOM (97th): Fetters Springs /Agua Caliente $19,444 The report takes into account median personal earnings, so that a comparison across gender could be done. Assets and wealth are not part of this analysis. On the whole, the median individual earnings in Sonoma County are approximately $30,000. At the top end of the range, East Bennett Valley individuals make almost $70,000, while median earnings in the Springs are just under $20,000. County data: MEDIAN PERSONAL EARNINGS BY CENSUS TRACT

MEDIAN PERSONAL EARNINGS IN SONOMA VALLEY BY CENSUS TRACT Sonoma County $30,214 Fetters Springs/ Agua Caliente West $19,444 Downtown Sonoma $42,835 Boyes Hot Springs West/El Verano $29,824 For income, the report takes into account median personal earnings, so that a comparison across gender could be done. Assets and wealth are not part of this analysis. On the whole, the median individual earnings in Sonoma County are approximately $30,000. At the top end of the range in Sonoma Valley, Downtown Sonoma individuals make almost $43,000, while median earnings in Fetters Springs are just under $20,000. Carneros Sonoma Area $30,052 MEDIAN PERSONAL EARNINGS IN SONOMA VALLEY BY CENSUS TRACT

SONOMA VALLEY POVERTY DATA 43.4% of children in Fetters Springs/ Agua Caliente West tract live in families below poverty level (FPL) highest in County 12.6 % of adults 65 or older living in poverty in Carneros / Sonoma tract Poverty threshold doesn’t take into account Cost of Living. Usually, residents qualify for benefits at 300% FPL. Children living in poverty: 20.9% in Boyes Hot Springs West/ El Verano, 14.8% in Sonoma City South/Vineburg, 10.1% in Kenwood/Glen Ellen Residents living below poverty threshold: 22% in Kenwood/Glen Ellen, 20.1% in Boyes Hot Springs West/ El Verano Seniors living in poverty: 10.8% in Fetters Springs/Agua Caliente West, 10.3% in Boyes Hot Springs West/El Verano, 10.3% in Kenwood/Glen Ellen

MIDDLE WAGE JOBS IN SONOMA ARE DECLINING LEAVING THE FASTEST GROWING CATEGORIES AT THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE EARNINGS SCALE Following national trends, one reason for this is the decline in mid level job opportunities. The economy is more and more so an hourglass shape economy. Those in lower income jobs have less opportunity to climb rungs to earn more and often these jobs are not secure, lack benefits and autonomy, have odd hours and other stressful considerations. In Sonoma County, we know that service sector, agriculture and tourism are growing industries, all of which are generally low-paying sectors. There is an opportunity gap for both low- and middle-wage earners.

ECOSYSTEM OF HEALTH The existing research shows that the health of a community is dependent upon a lot of factors, including: A healthy physical environment Equitable economic environment Access and use of services Accountable government By focusing on these outcomes, we can begin to craft the holistic approach we need to affect change.

Benefits of Education Take home message of report underscores the value of education on a host of long-term outcomes.

Why Is This Report Important? Unmet potential Opportunity gap Demographic shifts Return on Investments Why is this report important? Opportunity gap – for example: Only 39% of Latino 3 and 4 year olds attend preschool, compared to 65% of white 3 and 4 year olds 27% of Latino third graders read English at proficiency level, a predictor of HS graduation Earnings gap between Whites and Latinos approximately $15K Demographic reports indicate that young Latinos are one of the fastest growing groups, which will be a majority of the population in a few decades – How can we prepare? Need a skilled labor force – middle and high wage jobs require at least HS or higher educational attainment, students are emerging from school unprepared for the jobs that are available Instability, stress, and fewer opportunities for growth in low-wage jobs AND earners are not able to spend dollars locally, resulting in individual and societal costs The Portrait points to areas of potential, providing some guidance for investments and decision-making that will have the highest return on investment to address some of these opportunity gaps

AGENDA FOR ACTION What can we do with this report? We have the opportunity to greatly affect the health, well-being, and prosperity of not only individuals, but our entire community, by creating opportunities for all residents to succeed. The Portrait is a tool we can use to help make this a reality.

AGENDA FOR ACTION: Population-based interventions Increase access to quality preschool Redouble anti-smoking efforts Place-based interventions Improve neighborhood conditions to facilitate healthy behaviors Mend the holes in the safety net for undocumented immigrants Address inequality at education’s starting gate Prioritize on-time high school graduation Strengthen youth connection to school and work Boost educational attainment for higher earnings Improve pay and quality of low-skill jobs The Portrait of Sonoma County report provides a recommendations that can help us answer these questions. This “Agenda for Action” outlines how we, as a community, can respond: These represent data-driven and research based recommendations There are population-based strategies to be applied across the county There are place-based strategies to begin dialogue in those areas with the highest unmet potential. These are meant to be broad starting points and can be unpacked further to better understand the needs and resources in given communities. Each of us can look at these and likely see multiple points of connectivity with our existing work.

SONOMA COUNTY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014 WHAT A PORTRAIT OF SONOMA COUNTY SONOMA COUNTY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2014 WHY HOW

OPPORTUNITIES AND EFFORTS Sonoma City Council Reviewing the city’s Tobacco Ordinances Considering raise in minimum wage Commenting on County Living Wage Initiative Could adopt a city goal to address disparities County of Sonoma developing Tobacco Retailer License 3 new preschools added: Sassarini, El Verano, Flowery El Verano Community School Healthy Kids Expansion to Sonoma Valley- goal that 100% of kids have health insurance Sonoma Valley Health Roundtable addressing youth binge drinking Resident-led community garden expansion at Sonoma Charter and other school/community gardens Springs Alliance work to improve walking conditions along Hwy 12 Healthy Food Outlet Project at Carniceria La Chapala and El Brinquito in Boyes Hot Springs Community Access Pool Sonoma City Council is developing a comprehensive smoke free places ordinances, developing a smoke free multi-unit housing ordinance, and a tobacco retailer license ordinance. The County of Sonoma is developing a robust TRL banning flavored products, putting all tobacco products behind the counter, setting a minimum pack price, setting a minimum number (no singles), and banning sampling. Residents have been involved in expanding the community garden at Sonoma Charter Elementary School. However, a new affordable housing complex will be built just next to the school and the garden will be removed to accommodate the new building. The residents worked with the housing planning staff and elected officials to ensure that the new complex will have a community garden to replace the one that will be demolished in the building process

www.measureofamerica.org/SONOMA Website includes full report that is downloadable, all data tables and an interactive map.