Option D Lesson 1: Astronomical Objects.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Our Solar System Designed by Angela Colwell Start To end, press ESC.
Advertisements

Our solar system Chapter 2 By Mrs. Shaw.
ASTROPHYSICS UNIVERSE. Know locations The Solar System.
The Solar System. The solar system A solar system is a group of planets orbiting a central star. The solar system contains a sun, 8 planets, 3 dwarf planets,
Unit 1 The Basics Of Geography. Chapter 2, Section 1 The Earth Inside and Out.
The Solar System.
The Sun The Sun is a star. The Sun is a star. It is 4,500 million years old It is 4,500 million years old It takes 8 minutes for its light to reach.
1 Chapter 13 Objectives: 1)List the major objects that make up our solar system. 2)Distinguish between a planet and a dwarf planet. 3)Define an Astronomical.
Ptolemy: Geocentric Earth-Centered Universe Copernicus: Heliocentric Sun-Centered Universe.
Formation of the Solar System Section 28.1 Modeling the Solar System This geocentric, or Earth-centered, model could not readily explain some aspects of.
The Planets Chapter 27. #1 The planets in the Solar System are divided into 2 groups. Those closest to the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) are called.
Celestial Objects 6 th Grade Science. Sun The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system. The Sun is very dense and made up of extremely hot gases.
What is the solar system? The Sun, its planets and other objects in orbit are all together known as the solar system.
Parshati Patel Cronyn Observatory Public Nights 26 th May 2012.
Our Solar System. Solar System The region of space that falls within the gravitational influence of the Sun Consists of: –yellow star, Planets, Dwarf.
The Gas Giants The Planets and Other Cosmic Stuff Chapter 20.
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System Chapter Seven.
The Solar System – “What kinds of objects are in the solar system?”
The Solar System.
Solar System The solar system is the gravitationally bound system comprising the sun and the objects that orbit it.
Stars, Planets, and Moons
Class Notes for Monday, Feb 20th
Science Jeopardy Inner Planets Outer Planets Space objects
The Planets.
Our Solar System.
Space.
The Solar System.
Outer Solar System Outer Solar System.
You will be given the answer. You must give the correct question.
The Solar System: The Sun & the Planets
Making Solar Systems and Planets
THE SOLAR SYSTEM by Hunter
Section 17.2 The Planets.
Section 2: The Inner and Outer Planets
The Study of the Universe
The Solar System: The Sun & the Planets
I would like you to try and come up with a mnemonic for remembering the nine planets in order… Make it as memorable as you can!
Do you know a mnemonic for remembering the planets in order… could you invent one….? …Make it as memorable as you can!
Handout 2 (1-2) The Outer Planets.
What kinds of objects are in the solar system?
THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
The Solar System.
Our Solar System PAGE 16.
The Universe EQ:.
Unit 12 Lesson 1 What Objects Are Part of the Solar System?
Objects in Our Solar System
The Solar System 2014.
Devil physics The baddest class on campus IB Physics
mercury Smallest terrestrial planet, 1/3 size of Earth
The Solar system: the Sun and the Planets
Comparative Planetology I: Our Solar System
How the universe is organized
Section 4 – pg 562 The Outer Planets
The Solar System.
Planets, dwarf planets, comets and asteroids all orbit the sun...
Musical Note ~ Level 2 (F Clef)
Solar system catalog Planets, Moons, and More!.
Notes: Our Solar System
Our Solar System.
The “New” Solar System.
The Rest of the Solar System
The Solar System Ch.11.
The Outer Planets of Our Solar System
The Solar System: The Sun & the Planets
Lesson 17: The Solar System
The Solar System.
Our Solar System Made of 8 planets, 1 star (Sun), >100 moons, asteroids, comets, etc. Huge distances between all of these so mainly empty space, space.
Our Solar System and Planets
The Outer Planets of Our Solar System
Space review.
Presentation transcript:

Option D Lesson 1: Astronomical Objects. Space, the final unit. Option D Lesson 1: Astronomical Objects.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1DpYBYfID4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnhken4_-A0

Solar System We live on Earth which is one of 8 planets that orbit a star that we call “The Sun”. The collection of bodies that orbit the sun is called the “Solar System”. The solar system consists of planets (and their associated moons), dwarf planets, asteroids, comets and other rocky objects that are gravitationally bound to the Sun.

The Planets A planet is an object that orbits a star (or stellar remnant) that is massive enough (ie has enough mass) to be rounded by it’s own gravity, and dominates it’s region of space. To “dominate” it’s region of space, it has to have “cleared out” all the other planetoids nearby. This means that they are the only sizeable object to orbit the sun in their orbital path.

The Planets Pluto shares it’s “orbital neighborhood” with other astronomical bodies - one of which is Charon, Pluto’s moon. Charon is almost as massive as Pluto (about half it’s mass…). Pluto and Charon behave almost in a “binary” manner and Pluto cannot be said to “dominate it’s neighborhood”. Pluto is now considered a Dwarf planet

Orbits. All planets orbit the sun in the same direction. The Planets follow elliptical orbits (Although they mostly “Look” Circular). (Have you learned about ellipses in math class when studying conic sections?) The sun is at one of the foci of the orbit.

Eccentricity of a circle would be e=0 E of 1 would be a straight line) The “eccentricity” of the orbit is the ratio between the distance between the two foci of the ellipse and the length of the major axis of the ellipse. Eccentricity of a circle would be e=0 E of 1 would be a straight line)

The Sun Mass: 1.99 x 1030 kg Radius:6.96 x 108 m Surface temperature: 5800 K Class “G” star.

Mercury and Venus

Earth and Moon Mariner 10

Earth and Moon

Mars Spirit Rover: Mars’ West Valley ESA’s Mars Express: Cydonia Region

Asteroid Belt Mathilde (52km) Eros (13x13x33km) Ceres (480km): it was the first asteroid to be seen. Now it’s a dwarf planet. Mathilde (52km) Eros (13x13x33km) The asteroid belt consists of many many many small objects (some even the size of dwarf planets) that orbit the around the sun. The asteroid belt is between Mars and Jupiter. Two theories exist as to it’s formation. 1 planet that broke up into many pieces. Or a planet that could not form due to the gravitational effect of Jupiter that is nearby.

Kupier Belt and Trans-Neptunian objects. Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNO) are any objects the Sun at greater distances than Neptune. (Pluto is a example TNO) There are over 1200 TNOs out there, some of which (like Pluto) that are large enough to be rounded by their own gravity, but do not dominate their orbits. The Kuiper belt is a region of space containing rocky and icy bodies extending from the orbit of Neptune (~30 Au) out to approximately 50 Au. There are many many icy bodies and many many many comets found in the Kupier belt. Objects in the Kuiper belt are considered TNOs

Jupiter Jupiter and its moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Calisto Approximate size comparison of Earth and Jupiter

Saturn A rough comparison of the sizes of Saturn and Earth

Uranus Size comparison of Earth and Uranus

Neptune Size comparison of Neptune and Earth.

Gas Giant vs. Terrestrial Gas Giants (Jovian Planets) Terrestrial Planets (Rocky Planets) These planets are primarily composed of silicate rocks or metal. Solid planetary surface. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. No solid rock (No solid surface at all!). Atmosphere of Hydrogen and Helium. Perhaps molten metal or rock at core. Large >10x the mass of Earth. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. (Uranus and Neptune are also called “Ice Giants” as they have lots of water and methane below their Hydrogen and Helium atmosphere)

Data about our solar system Planet Mass (relative to the Earth) Radius (relative to the Earth) Mean distance from the Sun (Au) Mercury 0.06 0.38 0.39 Venus 0.81 0.97 0.72 Earth 1 Mars 0.11 0.53 1.52 Jupiter 318 11.2 5.2 Saturn 92 9.5 9.54 Uranus 14.5 3.7 19.2 Neptune 17.1 3.5 30 Note the “Au” is the “Astronomical Unit” , this is a distance measurement. 1 Au is the mean distance the Earth is from the Sun.

Solar System Data Planet Number of Moons Average distance from sun (x106 km) Diameter (x103 km) Mass (x1023 kg) Oribtal Period (in Earth years) Eccentricity of orbit Rotational period (Length of day in hours) Mercury 57.9 4.9 3.3 0.24 0.206 1408 Venus 108 12 49 0.62 0.007 5832 Earth 1 150 12.8 60 0.017 23.93 Mars 2 228 6.8 6.4 1.9 0.093 24.62 Jupiter 16 778 143 19000 0.048 9.92 Saturn 18 1430 120.5 5700 29 0.056 10.66 Uranus 15 2900 51.2 866 84 0.046 17.24 Neptune 8 4500 49.5 103 165 0.01 16.11

Comets A comet is a mixture of rock and ice a few kilometers in diameter. Comets are in orbit around the sun with highly elliptical orbits. As they get close to the sun their ice begins to melt and they leave a long (many million of kilometers) trail of debris directed away from the sun. Examples of comets are: Halley’s Comet (Arrived in 1986 and will again in 2061) Hale Bopp (1997 and next time in 4385) ISON (November 2013 and after that in ???)

Hints… You should probably memorize the order of the planets as you move out from the sun… It might help to have a Mnemonic… Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Many Visits with Eshani Make Jonston Sleep Until Noon. You should probably know the planets in order of size (smallest to largest both in size and mass) Mercury Mars Venus Earth Neptune Uranus Saturn Jupiter

Stellar Distances. You may have noticed that I have used different measurements of distance in this presentation. 1 AU (or Astronomical Unit) is the average distance between Earth and Sun 1Au=1.5 x 1011 m 1 Light year is the distance light travels in one year. Since light travels at 3.0x108 m/s and in 1 year there are 60 seconds x 60minutes x 24 hours x 365 days. 1 ly = 9.46 x 1015m Parsec (Pc) (We’ll meet this later). Parsec stands for Parralax Second. This is the distance to a star whose “Parallax is 1 arcsecond”. This is aproximately 3.09x1016m or 3.26 light years.