Would you consider a job that required you to: Who is looking for a job? Would you consider a job that required you to: 1. Dig a ditch 51 miles long? 300-500 feet wide? 300 feet deep? In an area infested with: Insects? Poisonous snakes? Yellow Fever and malaria? For $3.50/hr?

China 1895 – Japan defeats China allowing many countries to take advantage of China’s weak state. Spheres of Influence – areas where foreign nations control trade and resources

Germany controlled harbors in the Shadong Province France and Japan controlled China’s southern provinces, Russia took control of Northern territories Great Britain took control of areas near Hong Kong What country is missing?

Why are so many countries interested in pursing the spheres of China?

How do you think it was received by China?

Boxer Rebellion Boxers – were Chinese nationalists/members of a group called “The Righteous and Harmonious Fists” Spheres of Influence had caused much poverty amongst Chinese people Boxer Rebellion – Boxers in Beijing fighting against outsider influences The boxers revolted in Beijing (China’s capital), killing more than 200 foreigners in the attack. When the boxers were defeated, China was forced to pay $333 million to foreign governments as a result of the Rebellion

Open Door Policy – Equal privileges among countries trading with China The U.S. (Sec. of State John Hay) did not want colonies from China, it wanted free trade. The U.S. helped to fund scholarships for Chinese students to study in the U.S. The goal of Open Door Policy was to bring American businesses the new foreign markets they needed

U.S. in Latin America Where is Latin America?

Puerto Rico Foraker Act – Established a civil government in Puerto Rico Jones-Shafroth Act – Granted Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship and gave them greater control over their own legislature

“Big Stick” Diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt’s policy of creating and using a strong military to achieve America’s goals Came from Roosevelt’s admiration for the old African saying “speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”

The Panama Canal:

What type of problems might occur in building a 50 mile canal? Finance$ Hot sweltering weather Diseases (Malaria and Yellow Fever) The terrain (mountains, swamps) Organization/Management

History: 1880- Panama was a province of Columbia. French government just purchased a 5 year concession from Columbia to build a canal across Panama. 1901- Money, illness, and mismanagement caused the project to flop and French sold to lease to US.

Why did the United States want to build the Panama Canal? What were the benefits?

The Panama Canal A canal would shorten the time and distance that ships would travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, eliminating the long sea voyage around South America.

The Isthmus of Panama. What is an Isthmus? a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land.

How the land deal was acquired Panama belonged to Colombia. Roosevelt wanted the government of Colombia to sign a treaty allowing the United States to build a canal through Panama. The Colombians thought the treaty was unfair and refused to sign it.

continued Roosevelt was impatient and thought it would be easier to deal with the people of Panama. Not all Panamanians were happy being part of Colombia and many wanted independence. In 1903, Roosevelt quickly sided with the revolutionaries and sent two gunboats to Panama to lend support against Colombia (Example of “Big Stick” Diplomacy.

continued The revolution lasted 3 days and Panama became an independent nation. 12 days later a treaty was signed between the US and Panama. Part of the Treaty was to give the U.S. permission to build the Canal.

Construction of the Canal Building the canal was a great engineering feat. Thousands of workers labored for 10 years to carve a path through dense jungle and over mountains. They created a human-made lake and built locks to raise and lower ships to different water levels.

Major Obstacles Disease The region was damp, tropical jungle, hot and swarming with mosquitoes that carried yellow fever and malaria. An army doctor, Colonel William Gorgas, went to Panama to fight and eventually eliminate yellow fever and reduce cases of malaria.

Opening and Benefits The Panama Canal opened on August 15, 1914. The Ancon, a cargo ship, made the first trip. The canal reduced shipping costs, help extend American naval power, and guaranteed a strong American presence in Latin America. Is that good or bad?

“Dollar Diplomacy” William Taft’s policy aimed to increase American investments in businesses and banks throughout Central America and the Caribbean Sometimes Taft needed to use “Big Stick”/military tactics to maintain “Dollar Diplomacy”

“Moral Diplomacy” Woodrow Wilson’s plan that the U.S. would not use force to assert influence in the world The U.S. would only give support to countries whose moral beliefs were similar However, Wilson used the military on a number of occasions

U.S. Diplomacies: Roosevelt = “Big Stick” Diplomacy Taft = “Dollar” Diplomacy Wilson = “Moral” Diplomacy Which diplomacy worked best in your opinion?