Introduction to the Ingredients of Life Macromolecules Intro II

Macromolecules are the ingredients of all living things.

Macromolecules Provide: Source of Energy Energy Storage Building Blocks of our Bodies Instructions on how to Build

Four Biological Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Proteins 2006-2007

Why are Proteins Important? Movement Muscles skin, hair, fingernails, claws collagen, keratin Enzymes digestive enzyme in stomach

Why are Proteins Important? hormones Send signals from one body system to another hormone that controls blood sugar levels immune system Antibodies Channels Transport pathway in the cell membrane

An Enzyme is a Protein Wait, that’s a new word….what is an enzyme? Click

The Nitty-Gritty of Enzymes: The names of enzymes end in -ase Enzymes lower the activation energy for chemical reactions. Translation: they help chemical reactions go faster Enzymes help to break apart substances into usable building blocks Translation: they break things down into smaller parts

Channel Proteins

What does a protein look like? insulin collagen (skin) pepsin

For proteins: SHAPE matters! Proteins fold & twist into 3-D shape growth hormone hemoglobin Different shapes = different jobs

It’s SHAPE that matters! Proteins do their jobs, because of their shape unfolded “denatured” folded Unfolding a protein destroys its shape

it’s all about the SHAPE! In Biology, it’s all about the SHAPE!

What are Proteins Made Of? Building block (monomer) = amino acids amino acid –

20 Different Amino Acids —N— H | —C— C—OH || O variable group There’s 20 of us… like 20 different letters in an alphabet! Can make lots of different words variable group

Organism Books Organs Chapters Tissues Paragraphs Protein Sentences How Does it Work? Imagine amino acids like letters of the alphabet… Amino Acids Polypeptides Protein Tissues Organs Organism Letters Words Sentences Paragraphs Chapters Books

Just like a bunch of letters can make words, words put together make sentences, sentences put together make paragraphs, paragraphs put together, make chapters, and chapters put together make books… Our bodies form in a similar way…a bunch of amino acids can make a polypeptide, a bunch of polypeptides make a protein, a bunch of proteins can make tissues, a bunch of tissues can make organs, and a bunch of organs can make you!

Proteins would make up 75% of our bodies! If you took away the water…. Proteins would make up 75% of our bodies!

All ANIMALS are made up of PROTEINS!!!

What does our bodies do with proteins? Our bodies will break down the proteins into building blocks called amino acids and rebuild what we need… It’s like breaking apart a Lego house to rebuild something else.

Where do we get amino acids to build proteins??? Our bodies make some amino acids The rest we get from our food!!!

Animals, including us, have lost the ability to produce certain amino acids. 

Essential Amino Acids It is “essential” to our survival, that we eat food to get the amino acids that we cannot produce. These amino acids are called…

What I absolutely MUST know… Proteins are made up of amino acids Proteins make enzymes Enzymes lower activation energy for chemical reactions Enzymes break apart substances for other uses Proteins make hormones Hormones send signals Proteins make channels Channels transport molecules

Review Do NOT do Fold It…it is not compatible with student computers and takes way too long to load.