Proteins & Enzymes

What are proteins? Proteins are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen C, H, O, N Skin, muscles, catalysts

Protein monomers (building blocks) Proteins are made from amino acids There are 20 different amino acids

Amino Acid Structure The “R” group is what makes the amino acids different Different amino acids have different SHAPES and FUNCTIONS

Protein Condensation Condensation is adding two or more amino acids together. The result is a DIPEPTIDE & WATER

Peptide Bonds The C-N bond is called a peptide bond Peptide bonds are created during condensation reactions

Polypeptides 3 or more amino acids Usually long chains

Proteins 1 or more polypeptides make up a PROTEIN

Enzymes Enzymes are organic molecules (proteins) that are catalysts This means they speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy The energy needed for a reaction to take place

Enzymes & Substrate Enzymes have an activation site that a substrate binds to The reaction occurs, and the new products are released from the enzyme

More abt Enzymes Enzymes are unchanged, so they can be used multiple times Enzyme activity depends on many factors pH Temperature Both of these DENATURE protein They change their shapes so they do not work!