Ch1 Matter and Its Properties

How can Physical Properties be used to Identify Matter?

Matter Matter is anything that takes up space. Anything that has mass. If you can taste, smell, or touch something it’s matter. Even air is matter, because it takes up space.

NOT Matter Some things exist w/o taking up space. These things are not matter. Examples of these are: heat, light, and ideas.

Mass Is the amount of matter something contains. A heavy object has more mass than a light object. A soccer ball and a bowling ball take up the same amount of space, but bowling ball has more mass because it is heaver, and therefore has more matter.

All matter is made of tiny particles. The more particles an object has, the more mass it has. The more mass an object has, the heaver it weighs.

Physical Property The mass of an object is one of its physical properties. A physical property is something you can observe or measure. Other physical properties include an object’s look, texture, color, shape, etc.

Volume and Density Volume is the amount of space matter takes up. Volume doesn’t change if the item is moved, divided up, or changed in shape. (I.E. pizza) Mass has nothing to do with volume. (I.E. a blown up balloon and a marble)

Volume and Density Density is the amount of matter in an object compared to the space it takes up. The smaller an object and the heaver it is, the more dense.

Other Properties of Matter State of matter is another property. (solid, liquid, or gas) How a matter dissolves in a liquid. The ability to transfer heat and electricity.

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How Does Matter Change States?

Insta-Lab p. 41

States of Matter There are three states of matter: Solid liquid gas

Gas Has no definite shape or volume. Particles are far apart. Particles move very fast.

Liquid Liquids have a definite volume, but no definite shape. Liquids take the shape of whatever container they are in. Liquid particles move slower than gas, but faster than solid. Liquid particles are closer than gas, but not as close as solids.

Solid Definite shape and volume. Particles move very slow. Particles are packed very close together.

Which picture is which?

All Materials Change State When heat is applied, particles start to move away from each other. When an item is cooled, the particles move slower.

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What are Mixtures and Solutions? Suspension Mixture

Mixture A mixture is two or more substances that are combined without being changed. They can be separated from each other again. Think of Chex Mix. It is a mixture, but you can separate out the pretzels, wheat Chex, corn Chex, peanuts, etc.

Not all mixtures are made of solids. Salt water is a mixture of a solid and a liquid. Fog is a mixture of water droplets and air. Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Q. How do you think you could separate a mixture of rocks, dust, dirt, salt, and bits of iron from each other?

Solutions A solution is a kind of mixture. It is where different kinds of matter are mixed completely together. You can’t tell the ingredients apart. (All solutions are mixtures, some mixtures are solutions.)

Salt water is a solution, because you can’t see the salt. Air is a solution, because you can’t see the different gases. Salad is not a mixture, because you can see the different ingredients.

When a solid forms a solution with a liquid, the solid dissolves in the liquid. (i.e. sugar in tea) When this happens the liquid particles pull the sugar particles away from each other. All of the particles are moving, so the sugar particles spread evenly through the water.

Q. Can sand dissolve in water? Since the answer is no, this means that water can’t pull the particles apart. The particles fall to the bottom of the water without changing. This is not a solution.

Solubility Does the same amount of sugar dissolve in 1 c. of cold water as it does in 1 c. of warm water? InstaLab p. 51

Other Mixtures Suspension-a mixture that sits, and the ingredients settle and separate. Examples are oil and water, orange juice and water, etc. The reason it is called a suspension is because one ingredient is suspended, or floating, in another ingredient Fog is a suspension, as is water in a muddy creek.

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