Kingdom Archaebacteria & Kingdom Eubacteria Unit 2 - Biodiversity

Kingdom Archabacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Cell walls without Peptidoglycan Some autotrophic, some heterotrohpic Found in harsh, extreme environments

Kingdom Eubacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Cell walls with Peptidoglycan Some autotrophic, some heterotrohpic Found everywhere! (wash your hands!)

Kingdom Archaebacteria Differ from Eubacteria in the fact that their RNA (found in ribosomes) is arranged differently and cell walls are different. They are mostly anaerobic (don’t need oxygen) Are found in very harsh environments Very salty, acidic and hot places. Volcanic Vents, Hot springs, bottom of the ocean. Thought to be the oldest living organisms on Earth. It is believed that Earth’s atmosphere began as a mixture of poisonous gases, where only this type of organism could have survived.

Kingdom Eubacteria Most common bacteria. Found everywhere All known pathogens (the bacteria that makes you sick) are in K. Eubacteria Also all the good for you bacteria (like in yogurt). Examples include: Streptococcus Clostridium tetani Clostridium botulinum Lactobacillus

Bacteria – Prokaryotic Organisms Both kingdoms (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) were once collectively known as Kingdom Monera. Prokaryotic Means that it doesn’t have a nucleus. A nucleus holds all of a cells DNA, so the DNA in a bacteria cell is just “stuffed” inside the cell, along with free floating ribosomes (which help make proteins and have RNA). Reproduces by binary fission Since the cell’s DNA is not concentrated in one area all the bacteria cell has to do is double it’s genetic material, and split in half.

Binary fission – Asexual Reproduction

Bacteria – Single Celled Organisms All bacteria cells are unicellular. All seven characteristics of life occur in one cell. If lots of cells divide and live in one area (usually cultured on agar) it is called a colony.

Pictures – Look alike to me Pictures – Look alike to me??? I can see why they were once grouped together  Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Naming Bacteria – What’s your shape? Often bacteria is named for it’s shape and arrangement. Shapes (most common) Coccus (sphere shaped) Bacillus (rod shaped) Sprillium (spiral shaped) Arrangements (most common) Strepto (chain) Staphylo (cluster) Diplo (pair)

Bacteria and you – Pros & Cons Positive Contributions Negative Aspects Decomposers “Fix” nitrogen into a useable form Food production—yogurt, cheese, etc. Sewage Treatment Clean Oil Spills Source of antibiotics Disease Syphilis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, strep throat, botulism, etc. Food Spoilage Resistance to drugs.

What is Clostridium tetani? The bacteria that causes Tetanus! This is why we get a Tetanus vaccine every 10 years!

Tetanus painting

What is Clostridium botulinum? The bacteria responsible for Botulism….

and Botox!

Other applications Bifidus regularis Probiotics