First operation of a double phase pure liquid Argon THGEM-TPC

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Presentation transcript:

First operation of a double phase pure liquid Argon THGEM-TPC A. Badertscher, A. Curioni, L. Knecht, D. Lussi, A. Marchionni, G. Natterer, P. Otiougova, F. Resnati, A. Rubbia, T. Viant Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 Introduction The detector presented in this talk is a liquid argon based Time Projection Chamber capable of charge multiplication. Aims Low energy threshold Charge loss compensation allows longer drift paths Increase signal to noise ratio Possible applications Giant detector for neutrino physics, proton decay and DM search A. Rubbia, arXiv:hep-ph/0402110, 2003 Dark Matter imaging detector - A. Rubbia, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 39 (2006) 129 Recent articles A. Badertscher et al., arXiv:0811.3384, 2008 A. Badertscher et al., arXiv:0907.2944, 2009 CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 THGEM-TPC principle Double phase pure argon THGEM-TPC is a tracking and a calorimetric device. Multiplied charge induces signals on the segmented electrodes of top THGEM and anode. Anode e- undergo multiplication in double stage THGEM. THGEM2 e- are extracted to the vapour via extraction grids (Eliq > 2.5 kV/cm) THGEM1 LAr level Free e- drift in LAr towards liquid-vapour interface Extraction grids Cathode CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Effective gain and transparency Signal on THGEM Townsend multiplication mechanism G = ex,  = Ape-Bp/E, x=1 mm (1.6 mm THGEM) Double stage of multiplication: increase the gain maintaining low fields in each THGEM. GTHGEM1GTHGEM2 = GTHGEM2 = e2x x Geff = ex GTHGEM1TTHGEM1 GTHGEM2TTHGEM2 Electron diffusion in GAr -> TTHGEM < 100% Signal on the anode  ex TTHGEM1 TTHGEM2 Signal on THGEM  ex TTHGEM1 (1-TTHGEM2) e- lost Optimization: ex and TTHGEM1 = 100% TTHGEM2 = 50% CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 Setup overview Input purification cartridge Purification circuit Detector HV supply External bath Readout electronics Vacuum pumps CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 THGEM-TPC in detail HV connector Level meters Signal cable Signal plane 30 kV feedthrough TPB coated CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Double stage THGEM with anode 6 mm strips Produced by standard PCB methods. Double-sided copper-clad FR4 plates. Precision holes by drilling. Thickness: 1.6 mm. Amplification hole diameter: 500 m. Distance between centers of neighbouring holes: 800 m. Segmented anode and THGEM2 top plane: 2x16 strips 6 mm wide. CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 Readout electronics Novel complete readout system developed in collaboration with CAEN 12 bit 2.5 MS/s flash ADC’s Programmable FPGA Channel-by-channel trigger and global “trigger alert”. 256 channel crate. Modular system (chainable optical link) Inspired by C. Boiano et al. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 52 (2004) 1931 Custom made front-end preamp + shaper Preamplifier: RC=470 us, sensitivity=12 mV/fC Shaper: rise time 0.6 s, fall time 2 s CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 Argon purification Input LAr purification Custom made cartridge for LAr purification at detector input. GAr purification circuit Heating resistors evaporate LAr in the detector. A metal bellows pump pushes GAr into a flow meter and SAES getter (~48h to recirculate 1 volume). Purified GAr condensates into the detector volume. Purification 0.6 ppb 3.6 ppb 5 days 1.5 ppb CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Operation in pure gas argon Pure argon gas operation, room temperature, 1.2 bar. 55Fe and 109Cd sources positioned below the cathode grid. 55Fe (full peak) ~5.9 keV 6.9 kBq 29.3% FWHM Deposited energy is proportional to the sum of the involved strips. Both anode and THGEM signals can be used for the energy evaluation. 55Fe (escape peak) ~2.9 keV 6.9 kBq 42% FWHM 109Cd ~22.3 keV 0.5 kBq 24.7% FWHM effective gain ~ 1000 Typical cosmic muon track THGEM electrodes Anode electrodes THGEM electrodes Anode electrodes CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Operation in liquid Argon THGEM-TPC can be operated with the THGEM’s completely immersed in LAr without charge amplification. Transparency test of THGEM’s Anode electrodes THGEM electrodes Anode electrodes THGEM electrodes Gain = 1 Noise reduction via digital filter S/N ≈ 80/5 CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Operation in double phase (I) Charge multiplication occurs in argon vapour: 87 K, 1 bar, ~3.4 denser than at STP. E (kV/cm) Anode THGEM2 1.8 THGEM2 ~23 THGEM2 THGEM1 1.3 THGEM1 Drift 0.6 Trigger on PMT signal, ~4-6 Hz, Signals produced by cosmic rays used to estimate purity and gain Secondary light: produced by electrons in high field regions in gas (extraction grid, THGEM holes) Scintillation light: primary light due to muon crossing LAr CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Operation in double phase (II) Induced signals fitted with preamp response function: Start of signal -> z coordinate/drift Signal integral -> charge reconstruction LAr-GAr interface plane drift 3D reconstruction of an inclined long muon track Distribution of the energy loss per unit path length (e- lifetime corrected) fitted width Gauss convoluted Landau distribution MIP muon releases 2.1 MeV/cm Drift field 0.5-1 kV/cm -> ~10 fC/cm estimated effective Gain (anode): 1 MP ≈ 7.4 fC/cm sigma ≈ 1.3 fC/cm resolution ≈ 13% CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Operation in double phase (III) E (kV/cm) Anode THGEM2 2.1 THGEM2 ~26 THGEM2-THGEM1 1.5 THGEM1 Drift 0.7 Anode electrodes THGEM electrodes THGEM electrodes Anode electrodes Effective gain ~10 Raw images S/N ≈ 800/10 CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Single stage 1 mm THGEM (I) 1.6 mm THGEM’s replaced by single stage 1 mm THGEM: Test of a THGEM with different thickness Further characterization of the device (reduced complexity) Variation of the transfer field between THGEM and anode: 10kV/cm 13kV/cm 14kV/cm CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

Single stage 1 mm THGEM (II) Test of different THGEM’s in air: cleaning process (could increase voltage after some sparks) selection of “good” THGEM’s (quality control) Preliminary results (36 kV/cm across the THGEM): Total mean value = 64 fC/cm gain ~ 6 CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009

CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009 Conclusions Successful construction of a double phase pure Argon THGEM-TPC tracking and calorimetric device Development of Readout Electronics (in collaboration with CAEN) THGEM-TPC working in warm Gar: reached gain 1’000 single phase LAr: mip tracks recorded double phase: electrons drift 20 cm (good purity < 0.5 ppb after filling) extraction and amplification works (gain 10) tested double stage 1.6 mm THGEM and single stage 1 mm THGEM in double phase configuration Outlook: Ongoing characterization of 3 lt THGEM-TPC (single stage): increasing gain, study of discharges long term stability test Construct 6 m3 THGEM-TPC with strip width < 3mm. CERN - RD51 mini week - 25 September 2009